Diabetes Mellitus Tip 2 ve Egzersiz
Egzersiz, metabolizma üzerinde güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Vücudun egzersiz tarafından uyarılandeğişikliklere adapte olması, kas kasılması ve fizyolojik fonksiyonlar için gerekli enerjisininsağlanabilmesinin temelidir. Egzersizin yoğunluğuna ve süresine bağlı olarak, enerji elde etmekve homeostatik kontrol için farklı mekanizmalar devreye girer. Akut egzersiz sırasında ortayaçıkan akut değişiklikleri ayırt etmek mümkündür. Düzenli egzersiz ise, kronik adaptasyonlarlaegzersiz kapasitesini artırabilir ve Tip 2 diyabetik hastalarda enerji metabolizmasını etkileyebilir.Düzenli egzersiz antrenmanları, iskelet kası insülin hassasiyetini artırabilir ve Tip 2 diyabetinönlenmesinde ve tedavisinde önemli bir araç olarak kabul edilir. Bu derleme, haftada en az150 dk veya daha fazla, orta-şiddetli egzersiz yapması gereken Tip 2 diyabetik yetişkinhastalara odaklanmıştır. Egzersizler haftada en az 3 gün, 2 ardışık gün ara vermeyecek şekildeuygulanmalıdır. Yüksek şiddette veya aralıklı antrenman süreleri (minimum 75 dk/hafta)daha genç ve fiziksel olarak uygun bireyler için yeterli olabilir. Diyabetik hasta, arka arkayaolmayan günlerde 2-3 seans/hafta direnç egzersizine katılmalıdır. Diyabetli yaşlı yetişkinleriçin esneklik eğitimi ve denge eğitimi 2-3 kez/hafta önerilir. Esnekliği, kas gücünü ve dengeyiartırmak için bireysel tercihlere göre yoga ve tai chi eklenebilir. Ayrıca diyabetin uzun dönemkomplikasyonlarının varlığında egzersiz reçete edilmesi konusunda da önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
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