Figen YILDIZ, Başak ÇOŞKUN

6435

Marulda Beyaz Çürüklük Hastalığı’nın (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) Fungal Antagonistlerle Biyolojik Mücadelesi

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, marulun en önemli hastalık etmenlerinden birisidir. Patojen, kök ve kök boğazında yumuşak çürüklüklere neden olur ve toprakta kışlamasına neden olan sklerot yapıları oluşturur. Hastalık etmeni ile savaşımda kullanılan fungisitlerin patojeni engellemekte yetersiz kalması ve fungusun dayanıklılık kazanması nedeniyle biyolojik savaşım çalışmaları hız kazanmıştır. Çalışmada, marul yetiştirilen alanlardan toplanan örnekler içerisinden en virulent S. sclerotiorum izolatı seçilmiştir. Bu izolattan elde edilen sklerotlar tuzak olarak kullanılmış ve sklerotları parazitleyen funguslar izole edilmiştir. İn vitroda yapılan ikili testlerde 30 fungus, antagonizma özelliklerine göre testlenmişlerdir. Hiperparazitik etki gösteren funguslar içerisinde H1/2 izolatı koparılmış yaprak testlerinde en yüksek parazitik etkiyi (%67.60) göstermiştir. Daha sonra antibiyosis etkiye sahip 3 (A1/1, A3/5, A3/6) ve hiperparazit etkiye sahip 8 (H1/2, H5/1,H7/1,H7/2,H7/3,H10/1,H13/1, H18/2) antagonistik fungus, saksı koşullarında marul fidelerinde hastalığı kontrol açısından incelenmiştir. Saksı testleri sonuçlarına göre, hiperparazit etkiye sahip Gliocladium spp.(H1/2) izolatı kontrole göre %54.79 etkililik göstermiştir. 
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Marul, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, antagonist, sklerot

Biological Control of White Mold Disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) on Lettuce by Using Fungal Antagonists

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most destructive fungal disease agent on lettuce. The pathogen cause the watery soft rots and produce the overwintering structures known as sclerotium. Inadequate control by using fungicides on disease agent and increasing the resistance to fungicides is accelerated necessities of the biological control studies. The most virulent isolate of S.sclerotiorum was selected among the samples collected from lettuce producing area. The sclerotia collected from the pathogen isolate were used as bait for isolation of biocontrol agent of parasitic fungi. Thirty fungal isolates were tested for their antagonistic characteristics using dual cultures. The isolate H1/2 showed the most strong hyperparasitic activity (67.60%) on detached leaf test. Among them, three isolates having antibiosis effect (A1/1,A3/5, A3/6) and eight isolates (H1/2, H5/1,H7/1, H7/2,H7/3, H10/1,H13/1, H18/2) having hyperparasitic activity were evaluated for ability of control of the disease. Gliocladium spp. (H1/2), having hyperparasitic activity, significantly reduced the disease incidence as 54.79% in the pot tests.
Keywords:

: Lettuce, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, antagonist,

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The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology-Cover
  • ISSN: 0378-8024
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1971
  • Yayıncı: Türkiye Fitopatoloji Derneği
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