Özer GÖK, Göktuğ GÜNKAYA, Şefik SÜZER, Mustafa E. ÜREYEN, Mustafa ATEŞ

Evaluation of silver content and antibacterial activities of silver loaded fiber/cotton blended textile fabrics

Bu çalışmanın amacı gümüş katkılı selülozik lif/pamuk karışımından üretilen kumaşların antibakteriyel aktivitelerini ve yıkama dayanımlarını analiz etmek, kumaşlarda bulunan gümüş miktarını belirlemek ve antibakteriyel aktivite ile gümüş içeriği arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda deniz yosunu ve gümüş iyonu içeren SeaCell® Active lifleri ile pamuk lifleri, beş farklı oranda karıştırılarak örme kumaşlar üretilmiştir. Tüm kumaş numuneleri ağartılmış ve 60 defa yıkanmıştır. Antibakteriyel aktivite AATCC 100-1999 test metoduna göre her on yıkama sonrasında test edilmiştir. Kumaşların gümüş içeriği Atomik absorpsiyon spektrofotometresi (AAS) ile belirlenmiştir. Lif ve kumaş yüzeyleri Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ve X Işını Fotoelektron Spektroskopisi (XPS) ile incelenmiştir. Antibakteriyel testler %3 SeaCell ® Active lifi içeren kumaşlarda dahi çok sayıda yıkama sonrasında antibakteriyel etkinin elde edilebildiğini göstermiştir. Gümüş içeriği ile bakteri sayısındaki azalma arasında önemli korelasyon bulunmuştur. ster kumaşların aksine, selülozik/poliester karışımı kumaşların etkili bir şekilde sıvı absorbsiyonu ve iletimini sağladığı bulunmuştur.

Gümüş katkılı lif/pamuk karışımından üretilen kumaşların gümüş içeriklerinin ve antibakteriyel aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi

The aims of this work were to analyze the antibacterial activity and laundering durability of the silver loaded cellulosic fiber/cotton blended antibacterial textile fabrics, to quantify the silver content present in fabrics, and to examine the relationship between the antibacterial activity and silver content. For this aims knitting fabrics consisting of SeaCell® Active, which is the cellulosic fiber incorporated with seaweed and silver ions, and cotton fibers blended with five different ratios were produced. All fabric samples bleached and washed 60 times. The antibacterial efficiency was evaluated according to AATCC 100-1999 method after each ten laundry cycles. Silver content of the fabrics were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Fiber and fabric surfaces were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) views. Antibacterial tests showed that good antibacterial activity can be achieved after several washings even with 3% of SeaCell ® Active fibers in blended fabrics. Significant correlation was found between silver content and bacterial reduction.

PDF

___

1.Vigo T. L. and Benjaminson M. A., 1981, “Anti-Bacterial Fiber Treatments and Disinfection”, Text. Res. J., 51(7), pp.454-465.
2.Feng Q.L., Wu J., Chen G.Q., Cui F.Z., Kim T.N., and Kim J.O., 2000, “A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus”, J. of Biomedical Mater. Res., 52(4), pp.662-668.
3.Klasen, H.J., 2000, “A historical review of the use of silver in the treatment of burns. II. Renewed interest for silver”, Burns, 26, p.131-138.
4.Fluhr J.W., Kowatzki D., Bauer A., Elsner P., and Hipler C., 2005, “Silver-loaded cellulose fibers with antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo on patients with atopic dermatitis”, In 5 th World Textile Conference AUTEX, pp. 133-137, Portorož, Slovenia.
5.Hipler U. C., Elsner P. and Fluhr J. W., 2006, “Antifungal and antibacterial properties of a silver-loaded cellulosic fiber”, J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 77B, pp.156-163.
6.Üreyen M.E., 2009, “Spinning Performance and Antibacterial Activity of SeaCell®Active/Cotton Blended Rotor Yarns”, Fibers and Polymers, 10(6), p.768-775.
7.Tomsic B., Simoncic B., Orel B., Cerne L., Tavcer P.F., Zorko M., Jerman I., Vilcnik A., and Kovac J., 2008, “Sol-gel coating of cellulose fibres with antimicrobial and repellent properties”, J. of Sol-Gel Sci. and Technol., 47(1), pp.44-57.
8.Rujitanaroj P. O., Pimpha N. and Supaphol P., 2008, “Wound-dressing materials with antibacterial activity from electrospun gelatin fiber mats containing silver nanoparticles”, Polym., 49(21), pp.4723-4732.
9.Kostic M., Radic N., Obradovic B., Dimitrijevic S., Kuraica M.M., Skundric P., 2008, “Antimicrobial Textile Prepared by Silver Deposition on Dielectric Barrier Discharge Treated Cotton/PES Fabric”, CI&CEQ., 14(4), pp.219-221.
10.Gao Y. and Cranston R., 2008, “Recent advances in antimicrobial treatments of textiles”, Text. Res. J., 78(1), pp.60-72.
11.Xing Y. J., Yang X. J. and Dai J. J., 2007, “Antimicrobial finishing of cotton textile based on water glass by sol-gel method”, J. of Sol-Gel Sci. and Technol., 43(2), pp.187-192.
12.Jeong S. H., Hwang Y. H. and Yi S. C., 2005, “Antibacterial properties of padded PP/PE nonwovens incorporating nano-sized silver colloids”, J. of Mater. Sci., 40(20), pp.5413-5418.
13.Lee H. J. and Jeong S. H., 2004, “Bacteriostasis of nanosized colloidal silver on polyester nonwovens”, Text. Res. J., 74(5), pp.442-447.
14.El Ola S.M.A., Kotek R., King M., Kim J.H., Monticello R., and Reeve J.A., 2004, “Studies on poly(trimethylene terephthalate) filaments containing silver”, J. of Biomater. Sci.-Polymer Edition, 15(12), pp.1545-1559.
15.Takai K., Ohtsuka T., Senda Y., Nakao M., Yamamoto K., Matsuoka J., and Hirai Y., 2002, “Antibacterial properties of antimicrobial-finished textile products”, Microbiol. Immunol., 46(2), pp.75-81.
16.Mackeen P.C., Person S., Warner S.C., Snipes W., and Stevens S.E., 1987, “Silver-Coated Nylon Fiber as an Antibacterial Agent”, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31(1), pp.93-99.
17.Gorensek M. and Recelj P., 2009, “Reactive Dyes and Nano-Silver on PA6 Micro Knitted Goods”, Text. Res. J., 79(2), pp.138-146.
18.Perkas N., Shuster M., Amirian G., Koltypin Y., and Gedanken A., 2008, “Sonochemical immobilization of silver nanoparticles on porous polypropylene”, J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem., 46(5), pp.1719-1729.
19.Benn T. M. and Westerhoff P., 2008, “Nanoparticle silver released into water from commercially available sock fabrics”, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42(11), pp.4133-4139.
20.Xu B.S., Niu M., Wei L.Q., Hou W.S., and Liu X.G., 2007, “The structural analysis of biomacromolecule wool fiber with Ag-loading SiO2 nano-antibacterial agent by UV radiation”, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 188(1), pp.98-105.
21.Yu D.G., Teng M.Y., Chou W.L., and Yang M.C., 2003, “Characterization and inhibitory effect of antibacterial PAN-based hollow fiber loaded with silver nitrate”, J. Mem. Sci., 225(1-2), pp.115-123.
22.Chou W. L., Yu D. G. and Yang M. C., 2005, “The preparation and characterization of silver-loading cellulose acetate hollow fiber membrane for water treatment”, Polym. Adv. Technol., 16(8), pp.600-607.
23.Üreyen M.E., Buyuktiryaki S., Gunkaya G., and Suzer S., 2007, “Studies on the Determination of Silver Content of Antibacterial Textile Fabrics Containing Silver”, In 14th International Conference Strutex, Liberec, Czech Republic.
24.Rezic I. and Steffan I., 2007, “ICP-OES determination of metals present in textile materials”, Microchem. J., 85(1), pp.46-51.
25.Pranaityte B., Padarauskas A. and Naujalis E., 2007, “Application of ICP-MS for the determination of trace metals in textiles”, Chemija, 18(3), pp.16-19.
26.Zikeli S., 2002, “SeaCell® Active a New Cellulosic Fiber with Antimicrobial Properties”, In Avantex, Frankfurt Germany.
27.Ertas G., Demirok U. K. and Suzer S., 2005, “Enhanced peak separation in XPS with external biasing”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 249(1-4), pp.12-15.
28.Goynes W. R., 1996, “Surface Characterization of Textiles Using SEM”. In Modern Textile Characterization Methods (Raheel, M. ed.), Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 145-174.
29.Zhou W. and Wang Z., 2007, “Scanning Microscopy for Nanotechnology: Techniques and Applications”, Springer.
30.Mohammed, M. J., Marston, C. K., Popovic, T. et al., 2002, “Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Bacillus anthracis: comparison of results obtained by using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution reference and Etest agar gradient diffusion methods”, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40, pp.1902–1907.