Investigation of Auxetic Performance and Various Physical Properties of Fabrics Woven with Braid Yarns

In this study, the auxetic performance and various physical properties of fabrics woven with braid yarn were examined. Fabrics were woven in plain weave with conventional warp and braid weft yarn. Experimental results showed that fabrics woven with braid weft yarn exhibited an auxetic behavior by giving Negative Poisson's Ratio (NPR) up to a certain elongation value under tension in the warp direction. In addition, it was observed that the NPR of fabric was affected by the thickness of the braid yarn and the tightness (compactness) of the fabric. It was found that the use of braid yarn in woven fabric improved various physical properties such as tensile strength, thermal resistivity and abrasion resistance. Use of braid yarns increased the tensile strength in the weft direction where braid yarns were used, increased thermal resistivity values at the fabric woven with thick and bulky braid yarns and also increased abrasion resistance.

___

  • 1. Uzun M. 2010. Negative Poisson ratio (auxetic) materials and their applications. The Journal of Textiles and Engineers 17(77), 13-18.
  • 2. Carneiro VH, Meireles J, Puga H. 2013. Auxetic materials – A Review. Materials Science-Poland 31, 561-571.
  • 3. Darja R, Tatjana R, Alenka PC. 2013. Auxetic textiles. Acta Chim Slov 60, 715–723.
  • 4. Evans KE, Nkansah MA, Hutchinson IJ, Rogers SC. 1991. Molecular network design. Nature 353, 124.
  • 5. Evans KE, Alderson KL. 2000. Auxetic materials: the positive side of being negative. Engineering Science and Education Journal 9(4), 148–154.
  • 6. Choi JB, Lakes RS. 1991. Design of a fastener based on negative Poisson's ratio foam. Cellular Polymers 10, 205-212.
  • 7. Grima JN, Attard D, Gatt R, Cassar RN. 2009. A Novel process for the manufacture of auxetic foams and for their reconversion to conventional form. Advanced Engineering Materials 11(7), 533-535.
  • 8. Evans KE, Alderson A. 2000. Auxetic materials: Functional materials and structures from lateral thinking. Advanced Materials 12(9), 617–628.
  • 9. Yang W, Li ZM, Shi W, Xie BH, Yang MB. 2004. Review on auxetic materials. Journal of Materials Science 39, 3269–3279.
  • 10. Uzun M. 2012. Mechanical properties of auxetic and conventional polypropylene random short fibre reinforced composites. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe 20, 5(94), 70-74.
  • 11. Choi JB, Lakes RS. 1992. Non-linear properties of polymer cellular materials with a negative Poisson's ratio. Journal of Materials Science 27, 4678–4684.
  • 12. Liu Y, Hu H, Lam JKC, Liu S. 2010. Negative Poisson's ratio weft-knitted fabrics. Textile Research Journal 80(9), 856–863.
  • 13. Shahabi NE, Saharkhiz S, Varkiyani SMH. 2013. Effect of fabric structure and weft density on the Poisson's ratio of worsted fabric. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8(2), 63–71.
  • 14. Sun H, Pan N, Postle R. 2005. On the Poisson's ratios of a woven fabric. Composite Structures 68(4), 505–510.
  • 15. Shahabi NE, Mousazadegan F, Varkiyani SMH, Saharkhiz S. 2014. Crimp analysis of worsted fabrics in the terms of fabric extension behaviour. Fibers and Polymers 15(6), 1211–1220.
  • 16. Ng WS, Hu H. 2018. Woven fabrics made of auxetic plied yarns. Polymers 10(2):226, 1-19.
  • 17. Hu H, Wang Z, Liu S. 2011. Development of auxetic fabrics using flat knitting technology. Textile Research Journal 81(14), 1493–1502.
  • 18. Ugbolue SC, Kim YK, Warner SB, Fan Q, Yang C, Kyzymchuk O, Feng Y. 2010. The formation and performance of auxetic textiles. Part I: theoretical and technical considerations. The Journal of The Textile Institute 101(7), 660– 667.
  • 19. Ugbolue SC, Kim YK, Warner SB, Fan Q, Yang C, Kyzymchuk O, Feng Y, Lord J. 2011. The formation and performance of auxetic textiles. Part II: geometry and structural properties. The Journal of The Textile Institute 102(5), 424–433.
  • 20. Wright JR, Burns MK, James E, Sloan MR, Evans KE. 2012. On the design and characterisation of low-stiffness auxetic yarns and fabrics. Textile Research Journal 82(7), 645–654.
  • 21. Vysanskav M, Vintrova P. 2013. Auxetic woven fabrics - Pores’ parameters observation. Journal of Donghua University 30(5), 416–420.
  • 22. Hook PB. 2003. Auxetic mechanisms, structures & materials. Ph.D. Thesis, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
  • 23. Douglas WA. 1964. Braiding and braiding machinery. Eindhoven: Centrex Publishing Company.
  • 24. Ge Z, Hu H, Liu S. 2016. A novel plied yarn structure with negative Poisson’s ratio. The Journal of The Textile Institute 107(5), 578-588.
  • 25. Jiang N, Hu H. 2019. Auxetic Yarn Made with Circular Braiding Technology. Phys Status Solidi B, 256, 1-12.
  • 26. Sloan MR, Wright JR, Evans KE. 2011. The helical auxetic yarn - A novel structure for composites and textiles; Geometry, manufacture and mechanical properties. Mechanics of Materials, 43, 476–486.
  • 27. Ko FK, Pastore CM, Head AA. 1989. Handbook of industrial braiding, Covington, KY: Atkins & Pearce.
  • 28. Karaca Bayraktar, E. 1999. Investigation of effects of monofilament and braid structures of silk, polyamid 6, polyester, polypropylene sutures on some of the mechanical properties. PhD Thesis, Uludag University, Bursa.
  • 29. Jiang N, Hu H. 2018. A study of tubular braided structure with negative Poisson’s ratio behaviour. Textile Research Journal 88(24), 2810–2824.
  • 30. ASTM D1776. 2009. Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles.
  • 31. ISO 13934-1. 2013. Textiles – Tensile properties of fabrics – Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method.
  • 32. Suvari F, Akgun M, Eren R, Yurdakul T. 2021. Determination of deformation behavior of woven fabrics under stress using image processing method. Uludağ University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering 26(2), 661-678.
  • 33. ASTM D3776. 2011. Standard Test Methods for Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric.
  • 34. ASTM D1777-96. 2007. Test method for thickness of textile materials.
  • 35. ASTM D3883-04. 2008. Standard test method for yarn crimp and yarn take-up in woven fabrics.
  • 36. Peirce FT. 1937. The geometry of cloth structure. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 28, 45–60.
  • 37. EN ISO 9237. 1995. Textiles, determination of the permeability of fabrics to air, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.
  • 38. Frydrych I, Dziworska G, Bilska J. 2002. Comparative analysis of the thermal insulation properties of fabrics made of neutral and man-made cellulose fibres. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe October/December, 40-44.
  • 39. ASTM D 4966-12. 2012. Standard test method for abrasion resistance of textile fabrics.
  • 40. Akgun M, Eren R, Suvari F, Yurdakul T. 2021. Investigation of the effect of pique weave on auxetic performance and related fabric properties. The Journal of The Textile Institute DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2021.1983978.
  • 41. Havenith G. 2002. Interaction of clothing and thermoregulation. Exogenous Dermotology 1(5), 221-230.
  • 42. Özdil N, Marmaralı A, Kretzschmar S. 2007. Effect of yarn properties on thermal comfort of knitted fabrics. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 46(12),1318-1322.