Yield and Quality of Two Soybean Cultivars in Response to Drought and N Fertilization

Applying mineral fertilizers is one way of re-fertilizing soils being exploited in agricultural production. However, fertilization quantity should be controlled and pre-evaluated, as excessive amounts have negative influence on both the plants and the soil. Drought stress has negative effects on both the quantity (yield) and the quality (seed content) of crops, especially drought-sensitive crops such as soybean; however, fertilization, if adequately applied, can partially ameliorate those negative effects. An experiment was conducted in Debrecen, Hungary in 2017 and 2018 to study the effects of nitrogen fertilization application under drought stress on the yield and the seed protein and oil concentrations of two soybean cultivars. Three N fertilization rates; 0, 35 and 105 kg ha-1 were applied under two irrigation regimes; Irrigated (control) and drought stressed (non-irrigated) regimes. Results showed that yield trait responded differently to fertilization and irrigation in the two cultivars. Protein concentration was enhanced by irrigation and by the high rate of N-fertilizer, whereas oil concentration decreased by irrigation and by high-rate fertilization under drought conditions, whereas increased by high-rate fertilization under irrigated regime. It was concluded that high rate of N-fertilizer can decrease the yield of both cultivars under no-drought conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

irrigation; nitrogen; oil; protein; soybean

PDF

___

Bellaloui, N., Mengistu, A. (2008). Seed composition is influenced by irrigation regimes and cultivar differences in soybean. Irrigation Science, 26(3), 261–268.
Bloom, A. J. (2006). Rising carbon dioxide concentrations and the future of crop production. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86, 1289-1291.
Boydak, E., Alpaslan, M., Hayta, M., Gerçek, S., Simsek, M. (2002). Seed composition of soybeans grown in the Harran Region of Turkey as affected by row spacing and irrigation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(16), 4718–4720.
Brevedan, R. E., Egli, D. B., Leggett, J. E. (1978). Influence of N nutrition on flower and pod abortion and yield of soybeans. Agronomy Journal, 70, 81–84.
Carrera, C., Martinez, M. J., Dardanelli J., Balzarini, M. (2009). Water deficit effect on the relationship between temperature during the seed fill period and soybean seed oil and protein concentrations. Crop Science, 49, 990–998.
Chung, J., Babka, H. L., Graef, G. L., Staswick, P. E., Lee, D. J., Cregan, P. B., Shoemaker, R. C., Specht, J. E. (2003). The seed protein, oil, and yield QTL on soybean linkage group I. Crop Science, 43(3), 1053–1067.
Fageria, N., Baligar, V. (2005). Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Advances in Agronomy, 88, 97–185.
Fan, X. D., Wang, J. Q., Yang, N., Dong, Y. Y., Liu, L., Wang, F. W., Li, H. Y. (2013). Gene expression profiling of soybean leaves and roots under salt, saline-alkali and drought stress by high throughput Illumina sequencing. Gene, 512(2), 392–402.
Garcia y Garcia, A., Persson, T., Guerra, L. C., Hoogenboom, G. (2010). Response of soybean genotypes to different irrigation regimes in a humid region of the southeastern USA. Agricultural Water Management, 97(7), 981–987.
Gault, R. R., Chase, D. L., Banks, L. W., Brockwell, J. (1984). Remedial measures to salvage unnodulated soybean crops. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 50, 244–246.
He, J., Du, Y. L., Wang, T., Turner, N. C., Yang, R. P., Jin, Y., Li, F. M. (2017). Conserved water use improves the yield performance of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under drought. Agricultural Water Management, 179, 236–245.
Hungria, M., Franchini, J. C., Campo, R. J., Crispino, C. C., Moraes, J. Z., Sibaldelli, R. N. R., Mendes, I. C., Arihara, L. (2006). Nitrogen nutrition of soybean in Brazil: contributions of biological N2 fixation and N fertilizer to grain yield. Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences, 86, 927–939.
Kaschuk, G., Nogueira, M. A., De Luca, M. J., Hungria, M. (2016). Response of determinate and indeterminate soybean cultivars to basal and topdressing N fertilization compared to sole inoculation with Bradyrhizobium. Field Crops Research, 195, 21–27.
Kumar, V., Rani, A., Solanki, S., Hussain, S. M. (2006). Influence of growing environment on the biochemical composition and physical characteristics of soybean seed. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19(2–3), 188–195.
Li, D., Liu, H., Qiao, Y., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Dong, B., Liu, M. (2013). Effects of elevated CO2on the growth, seed yield, and water use efficiency of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under drought stress. Agricultural Water Management, 129, 105–112.
Liang, H., Yu, Y., Wang, S., Yun, L., Wang, T., Wei, Y., Gong, P., Liu, X., Fang, X., Zhang, M. (2010). QTL Mapping of Isoflavone, Oil and Protein Contents in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Agricultural Sciences in China, 9, 1108–1116.
Maleki, A., Naderi, A., Naseri, R., Fathi, A., Bahamin, S., Maleki, R. (2013). Physiological Performance of Soybean Cultivars under Drought Stress. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 2(6), 38–44.
Miransari, M. (2016). Soybeans, Stress, and Nutrients. in Mohammad Miransari (Eds.), Environmental Stresses in Soybean Production. Soybean Production Volume 2 (273–298). Chippenham: Nikki Levy.
Mutava, R. N., Prince, S. J. K., Syed, N. H., Song, L., Valliyodan, B., Chen, W., Nguyen, H. T. (2015). Understanding abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in soybean: A comparative evaluation of soybean response to drought and flooding stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 86, 109–120.
Norhayati, M., Mohd Noor, S., Chong, K., Faizah, A. W., Herridge, D. F., Peoples, M. B., Bergersen, F. J. (1988). Adaptation of methods for evaluating N2 fixation in food legumes and legume cover crops. Plant and Soil, 108, 143–150.
Obaton, M., Miquel, M., Robin, P., Conejero, G., Domenach, A., Bardin, R. (1982). Influence du déficit hydrique sur l’activité nitrate réductase et nitrogénase chez le soja.Compte Rendue de Academie de Science 294 (serie III), 1007–1011. (in French).
Peoples, M. B., Herridge, D. F., Ladha, J. K. (1995). Biological nitrogen fixation: an efficient source of nitrogen for sustainable agricultural production? Plant and Soil, 174, 3-28.
Purcell, L. C., King, C. A. (1996). Drought and nitrogen source effects on nitrogen nutrition, seed growth, and yield in soybean. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 19(6), 969–993.
Rotundo, J. L., Westgate, M. E. (2009). Meta-analysis of environmental effects on soybean seed composition. Field Crops Research, 110(2), 147–156.Sadeghipour, O., Abbasi, S. (2012). Soybean response to drought and seed inoculation. World Applied Sciences Journal, 17(1), 55–60.
Salvagiotti, F., Cassman, K. G., Specht, J. E., Walters, D. T., Weiss, A., Dobermann, A. (2008). Nitrogen uptake, fixation and response to fertilizer N in soybeans: A review. Field Crops Research, 108(1), 1–13.
Specht, J., Chase, K., Markwell, J., Germann, M., Lark, K., Graef, G., Macrander, M., Orf, J., Chung, J. (2001). Soybean response to water. Crop Science, 41, 493–509.
Takahashi, Y., Chinushi, T., Nagumo, Y., Nakano, T., Ohyama, T. (1991). Effect of deep placement of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (coated urea) on growth, yield, and nitrogen fixation of soybean plants. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 37, 223–231.
Turner, N. C., Davies, S. L., Plummer, J. A., Siddique, K. H. M. (2005). Seed Filling in Grain Legumes Under Water Deficits, with Emphasis on Chickpeas. Advances in Agronomy, 87, 211–250.
Vurukonda, S. S. K. P., Vardharajula, S., Shrivastava, M., SkZ, A. (2016). Enhancement of drought stress tolerance in crops by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Microbiological Research (Vol. 184). Elsevier GmbH.
Wang, Y., Frei, M. (2011). Stressed food - The impact of abiotic environmental stresses on crop quality. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 141(3–4), 271–286.
Wilson, R. F. (2004). Seed Composition. Soybeans: Improvement, Production and Users, Third Ed. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI.