Kahramanmaraş Sarımsağında (Allium sativum L.) Kitlesel Fide Elde Etmek Amacıyla In Vitro Gövde Diski Üretim Tekniğinin Kullanımında Bitki Büyüme Düzenleyicilerinin Etkileri

Anadolu sarımsağın önemli üretim alanlarından birisidir. Sarımsak üretimi, sarımsağın tüketilen kısmı olan baş veya başların içindeki dişlerin üretim materyali olarak kullanılmasıyla gerçekleştirilmektedir. Ancak, pazar bakımından en değerli kısmı olan dişlerin üreme materyali olarak kullanılması nedeniyle kazanç yaklaşık %10 oranında azalmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı Kahramanmaraş yöresel sarımsak üretiminde, dişlerle yapılan üretim sonucu ortaya çıkan kayıpları azaltmak için alternatif çoğaltma materyali sağlanmasıdır. Bu amaçla sarımsak dişlerinin gövde disklerinden in vitro’da doğrudan bitkicik elde edilmesine ve farklı bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerin etkilerine çalışılmıştır. Bunun için MS besi ortamına eklenen bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerden BAP (1.0, 1.5 ve 2.0 mg l-1), GA3 (0.5, 1.0 ve 1.5 mg l-1), 2-IP (0.75, 1.00 ve 1.25 mg l-1), Kinetin (1.0, 2.0 ve 3.0 mg l-1) ve TDZ (0.75, 1.00 ve 1.25 mg l-1) test edilmiştir. Çalışmada eksplant sayısı, enfekte eksplant sayısı, sağlıklı eksplant sayısı, gelişmiş eksplant sayısı, sağlıklı eksplant oranı, gelişmiş eksplant oranı, nasırlı eksplant sayısı, kallus büyüme hızı, çoğalan eksplant sayısı, çoğalma hızı, çoğalma sayısı, köklenen eksplant sayısı, köklenme oranı ve kök sayısı incelenmiştir. Ancak daha çok sürgün oranları, sürgün sayıları ve kallus oluşumu üzerinde durulmuştur. En yüksek kardeşlenme oranları 2-IP (1.00, 0.75 ve 1.25 mg l-1’de sırasıyla % 53.8, % 45.5 ve % 40.0) ve Kinetin (2.00 mg l-1’de % 35.3)’de sağlanmıştır. En fazla kardeş sayısına 1.9 adet kardeş/eksplant ile 1.00 mg l-1 2-IP dozunda ulaşılmıştır. Kinetin’nin 3.00 mg l-1 ve 2-IP’nin 1.25 mg l-1 dozları 1.8 sürgün ile başarılı sonuçlar alınan diğer uygulamalar olmuştur. Bu çalışma, sarımsağın yoğun üretiminde, dişlerin gövde disklerinden doğrudan bitkicik elde edilmesinde ve bunların üretime fide olarak dahil edilmesinde umut verici sonuçlara işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

BAP, GA3, 2-IP, Kinetin, TDZ, Sarımsak, Gövde disk kültürü

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on the Usage of In Vitro Stem Disc Culture for Mass Seedling Production in Kahramanmaraş Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Anatolia is one of the important production areas of garlic. Garlic production is conducted by using the head or the cloves inside the heads, which are actually the consumed part of the garlic, as propagation material. However, due to the use of cloves, which are the most valuable part of the market, as reproduction material, the profit is reduced by about 10%. The study aims to provide an alternative propagation material to reduce the losses resulting from this practice in local Kahramanmaraş garlic production. For this purpose, generating plantlets directly from stem discs of the garlic cloves in vitro and the effects of different growth regulators have been studied. For this, the plant growth regulators added to MS media as BAP (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg l-1), GA3 (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg l-1), 2-IP (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mg l-1); kinetin (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg l-1) and TDZ (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mg l-1) were tested. In the study number of explants, number of infected explants, number of healthy explants, number of developed explants, healthy explant rate, developed explant rate, number of callused explants, callus growth rate, number of proliferated explants, proliferation rate, proliferation number, number of rooted explants, rooting rate and number of roots were investigated. However, shoot ratios, shoot numbers, and callus formation were the main focus. The highest rates of proliferation were found in 2-IP (53.8%, 45.5%, and 40.0% at 1.00, 0.75, and 1.25 mg l-1 dosages, respectively) and Kinetin (35.3% at 2.00 mg l-1). The maximum shoot number was reached with 2-IP at the dose of 1.00 mg l-1 as 1.9 shoot/explants. Kinetin at 3.00 mg l-1 and 2IP at 1.25 mg l-1 were the other successful applications with 1.8 shoots. This study indicated promising results to obtain plantlets directly from the clove’s stem discs and including them into seedling production for the mass production of garlic.

Keywords:

BAP, GA3, 2-IP, Kinetin, TDZ, Garlic, Stem disc culture,

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