Türk Haşhaş Çeşitlerinde (Papaver somniferum L.) Korelasyon, Path ve Temel Bileşenler Analiz Metotları Kullanılarak Özellikler Arası İlişkilerin İncelenmesi

Haşhaş; morfin, kodein, papaverin ve bunun gibi içermiş olduğu çok değerli alkaloidlerden dolayı önemli bir tıbbi bitkidir. Araştırma, Türkiye’de son yıllarda tescil edilmiş on beş haşhaş çeşidinde (Papaver somniferum L.) korelasyon, path ve temel bileşenler analizleri (TBA) kullanılarak kapsül verimi, bazı diğer verim ve kalite özellikleri arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemeler, Isparta koşularında 2012/13 ve 2013/14 yıllarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, kapsül verimi (tohumsuz) ile tohum verimi, bitki boyu, kapsül sayısı, kapsül boyu, yağ verimi ve morfin içeriği arasında önemsiz ilişkiler belirlenirken, kapsül verimi ile kapsül genişliği ve 1000 tohum ağırlığı arasında önemli pozitif ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Kapsül verimi ile yağ içeriği ve yağ verimi arasında önemli ve yüksek negatif ilişki belirlenmiştir. Path analizine göre, kapsül verimi üzerine en yüksek pozitif direk etkiyi tohum verimi (% 48.202) ve en yüksek pozitif indirek etkiyi ise tohum verimi üzerinden kapsül genişliği (% 47.877) yapmıştır. Haşhaş çeşitlerinde özellikler arasındaki toplam % 90.09’luk farkı on temel bileşen (TB1–TB10) oluşturmuştur. Toplam temel bileşenlere TB1, TB2, TB3 ve TB4 sırasıyla, % 52.0, % 16.9, % 11.8 ve % 10.2’lik oranında katkıda yapmıştır ve bitki boyu, kapsül genişliği, kapsül sayısı ve 1000 tohum ağırlığı verim üzerine etkili özellikler olarak bulunmuştur. Bi-plot analizine göre kapsül sayısı, kapsül boyu, tohum verimi ve yağ verimi aynı grupta yer almış, bitki boyu ve kapsül genişliği ise başka bir grubu oluşturmuştur ve bu özellikler tüm çeşitlerde stabil etki yapmıştır. Korelasyon, path ve temel bileşenler analiz sonuçlarına göre, haşhaşta kapsül ve tohum verimi üzerine en etkili özellikler kapsül genişliği ve 1000 tohum ağırlığıdır.

Examining of Relationships Among Traits Using Correlation, Path and Principal Components Analysis Methods in Turkish Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Cultivars

Opium poppy is an important medicinal plant because of its very valuable pharmaceutical alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine, etc. The research was carried out with the aim to examining the relationships between capsule yield, some other yield and quality traits by means of correlation, path and principal components analysis (PCA) in fifteen opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) cultivars registered in Turkey. The experiments were conducted designed according to a randomized complete block with three replications during 2012/13 and 2013/14 growing years in Isparta conditions. In the research, there were significant positive correlations between capsule yield and capsule width, and 1000 seed weight, while insignificant associations between capsule yield (non-seed) and seed yield, plant height, capsule number, capsule length, oil yield, and morphine content were determined. The significant and high negative correlation was determined between capsule yield with oil content. According to the path analysis, the highest positive direct effect on capsule yield was seed yield (48.202%), and the highest positive indirect effect on capsule yield was capsule width (47.877%) via seed yield. The ten PCA components (PC1 to PC10) created 90.09% of the total variation among traits in poppy cultivars. PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 with values of 52.0%, 16.9%, 11.8%, and 10.2%, respectively contributed to the total PCA value, and plant height, capsule width, capsule number, and 1000 seed weight were found to be effective components on the yield in PCA analysis. The bi-plot analysis showed that capsule number, capsule length, seed yield, and oil yield created the same group and plant height and capsule width were another group, and these characters showed stability for the cultivars. The according to the results of the correlation, path, and PCA, capsule width and 1000 seed weight were effective components on capsule and seed yields of the opium poppy.

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