Ticari Soğan Çeşitlerinin Soğan Sak Nematodu Ditylenchus dipsaci’ ye dayanıklılık ve toleransları

Çalışmada Türkiye’ de ticari olarak üretimi yapılan 28 adet soğan çeşidinin kontrollü koşullarda D. dipsaci’ ye karşı dayanıklılık ve tolerans kabiliyetleri araştırılmıştır. Dayanıklılık testinde incelenen bütün çeşitlerde nematod üremesi elde edilmiştir. En düşük nematode üremesi ortalama 91 nematod saksı-1 değeri ile 0.5 kat olarak Atatürk Bahçe Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma enstitüsünden elde edilen Valenciana çeşidinde elde edilmiştir. Tolerans testinde nematode inokulasyonu ile çeşitler arasında bitki boyu, eni, ağırlığı ile nematode üremesi bakımından önemli bir farklılık oluşmamıştır. Birinci denemede nematode inokuleli ve inokulesiz uygulamalarda sırasıyla, 3.35 ve 10.31 cm ile bitki boyu önemli oranda farklılık göstermiştir. Bitki eni ise ikinci denemede nematode inokuleli ve inokulesiz bitkilerde sırasıyla, 0.74 ve 0.60 cm ile önemli farklılık içermiştir. Bitki ağırlığı her iki denemede de nematode inokulasyonu ile önemli oranda farklılık içermemiştir. Betapanko çeşidi bitki eni birinci denemede, Banko tipi soğan çeşidi bitki boyu ikinci denemede, nematode üremesi ile istatistiksel olarak önemli oranda negative korelasyon göstermiştir. Biotek Boran çeşidi bitki ağırlığı ikinci denemede, Taraz çeşidi bitki boyu ikinci denemede ve Taraz çeşidi bitki eni ve ağırlığı birinci denemede nematode üremesi ile istatistiksel olarak önemli oranda pozitif korelasyonlu bulunmuştur. Düşük nematod üremesi ile Valenciana çeşidi ve nematod üremesi varlığında iyi gelişme gösteren Taraz ve Biotek Boran çeşitleri nematodun bulaşık olduğu alanlarda yetiştirilmek üzere önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ditylenchus dipsaci, soğan sak nematodu, soğan, dayanıklılık, tolerans

Resistance and Tolerance of Commercial Onion Cultivars to Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci

Nematode resistance and tolerance reactions of 28 onion cultivars grown commercially in Turkey to stem and bulb nematode were studied at 20 °C, 70% RH and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod in growth chamber with 10 replications and at 27±4 °C and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod in greenhouse with 3 replications, respectively. Ditylenchus dipsaci multiplied in all cultivars tested. The lowest multiplication was determined in cv. Valenciana from Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute with 91 nematodes/pot and a multiplication rate of 0.5. Plant height of cultivars were significantly different in the first tolerance experiment with having an average plant hight of 33.5 and 103.1 mm for inoculated and inoculated plants, respectively (P<0.05). Onion shoot diameter was statistically greater in nematode inoculated plants with 7.4 mm than inoculated plants with 6.0 mm in second tolerance experiment (P<0.05). Plant weight was not found different in both tolerance experiments with nematode inoculation. There was not any statistically difference among cultivars for plant height, plant diameter, plant weight and nematode multiplication in the experiments. Plant diameter for cv. Betapanko in first tolerance experiment and plant height for the Banko type onion in the second tolerance experiment sustained significant negative correlations with nematode numbers. Plant weight for cv. Biotek Boran in second experiment, plant height for cv. Taraz in second experiment and, plant diameter and plant weight for cv. Taraz in first tolerance experiment sustained significant positive correlations with nematode multiplication. It could be recommended that Valenciana could lower nematode multiplication and Biotek Boran and Taraz could maintain a better plant development in nematode infested onion growing areas.

Keywords:

Ditylenchus dipsaci, stem and bulb nematode, onion, resistance, tolerance,

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