Gülüzar Duygu SEMİZ, Cansu ŞENTÜRK, Ahmet Cengiz YILDIRIM, Elifnaz TORUN

Modelling Yield Response and Water Use to Salinity and Water Relations of Six Pepper Varieties

Better understanding of crop yield response under salinity and water deficit conditions is essential to meet food need under the circumstance of population growth and climate extremities. It has been well known that plant species response differently under stress conditions. Recent studies show that these different responses occur not only among species but also in different varieties within the same species. The aims of the study are to examine and to compare yield, yield response factors (ky), salinity thresholds, biomasses, and water productivity responses of six varieties of pepper plant (Sürmeli-Hot, Yalova, BT016-Hot, BT 016, BT Ünsal, BT Demok) under salinity conditions. In another experiment under the same conditions (location, time, growth media etc.), water deficit was applied to two of these six varieties (BT Ünsal and BT Demok) separately, and their responses to salinity and water deficit conditions were compared. The experiment was carried out in containers. The amount of irrigation water was determined manually by weighing each container. Water deficit treatments were consisted of meeting 120, 100, 70 and 50% of soil water depleted from field capacity. Water salinity levels were 0.25 (control), 2, 4 and 6 dS m-1. There was no difference in yield under non-stress and excessive stress conditions, but the yield difference was as high as 38.9% under moderate stress conditions. Varietal differences were also observed for water productivity. Salinity threshold values vary between 0.89 and 1.83 dS m-1. Yield response factor (ky) were high for all varieties under salinity. Comparing the ky values obtained under water deficit and salinity experiments, sensitivity to salinity induced water stress was found higher than that of applied water deficit itself. Using salinity (Model 1) and water deficit (Model 2) data set of two varieties, two models were created plotting relative yield and water potentials (osmotic potential + matric potential) and compered their predications statistically. Statistically better predictions were obtained from Model 2.

Keywords:

Irrigation, Stress response modelling Relative yield, Yield response factor, Salinity tolerance, Water deficit,

PDF

___

Economidis, I., Cichocka, D., & Hoegel, J. (2010). A decade of EU-funded GMO research (2001–2010). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2777/97784
Ficiciyan, A. M., Loos, J., & Tscharntke, T. (2021, February 19). Similar Yield Benefits of Hybrid, Conventional, and Organic Tomato and Sweet Pepper Varieties Under Well-Watered and Drought-Stressed Conditions. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2021.628537
Wik, M., Pingali, P., & Broca, S. (2008). Background Paper for the World Development Report 2008, Global Agricultural Performance: Past Trends and Future Prospects.
Aktas, H., Abak, K., & Cakmak, I. (2006, November 8). Genotypic variation in the response of pepper to salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 110(3), 260-266. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2006.07.017
Aktas, H., Karni, L., Chang, D.-C., Turhan, E., Bar-Tal, A., & Aloni, B. (2005). The suppression of salinity-associated oxygen radicals production, in pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit, by manganese, zinc and calcium in relation to its sensitivity to blossom-end rot. Physiologia Plantarum, 123(1), 67-74. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00435.x
Alam, H., Khattak, J. Z., Ksiksi, T. S., Saleem, M. H., Fahad, S., Sohail, H., . . . Alkahtani, J. (2021, June). Negative impact of long-term exposure of salinity and drought stress on native Tetraena mandavillei L. Physiologia Plantarum, 1336-1351. doi:10.1111/ppl.13273
Allison, L. E., Brown , J. W., Hayward, H. E., Richards, L. A., Bernstein, L., Fireman , M., . . . Reeve, R. C. (1954, February). Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils, United States Salinity Laboratory Staff. (L. A. Richards, Ed.) Retrieved from https://www.ars.usda.gov
Ayers, R. S., & Westcot , D. W. (1994). Water quality for agriculture: FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29. Ayers, R. S., & Westcot, D. W. (1985). Water quality for agriculture- FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No: 29 (Rev.1). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of United States.
Baath, G. S., Shukla, M. K., Bosland, P. W., Steiner, R. L., & Walker, S. J. (2017). Irrigation water salinity influences at various growth stages of Capsicum annuum. Agricultural Water Management, 179, 246-253. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2016.05.028
Bhatnagar-Mathur, P., Devi, M. J., Dumbala, S. R., Lavanya, M., Vadez, V., Serraj, R., . . . Sharma, K. K. (2008, January). Stress-inducible expression of At DREB1A in transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) increases transpiration efficiency under water-limiting conditions. Plant Cell Reports, 26(12), 2071-2082. doi:10.1007/s00299-007-0406-8
Bouyoucos, G. H. (1951). A Recalibration of the Hydrometer for Making Mechanical Analysis of Soils. Agronomy Journal, 43, 434-438. doi:10.2134/agronj1951.00021962004300090005x
Chartzoulakis, K., & Klapaki, G. (2000, November). Response of two greenhouse pepper hybrids to NaCl salinity during different growth stages. Scientia Horticulturae, 86(3), 247-260. doi:10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00151-5
Dang, Y. P., Dalal, R. C., Mayer, D. G., McDonald, M., Routley, R., Schwenke, G. D., . . . Ferguson, N. (2008). High subsoil chloride concentrations reduce soil water extraction and crop yield on Vertosols in north-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 59(4), 321-330. doi:10.1071/AR07192
De Pascale, S., Ruggiero, C., Barbieri, G., & Maggio, A. (2003). Physiological Responses of Peppper to Salinity and Drought. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128(1), 48-54.
Devi, M. J., Sinclair, T. R., Vadez, V., & Krishnamurthy, L. (2009). Peanut genotypic variation in transpiration efficiency and decreased transpiration during progressive soil drying. Field Crops Resarch, 114, 280–285.
Doorenbos, J., & Kassam, A. H. (1979). Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No: 33. Rome: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS.
Düzdemir, O., Ünlükara, A., & Kurunc, A. (2009, September). Response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to salinity and irrigation regimes. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 37(3), 271-280. doi:10.1080/01140670909510273
El-Beltagy, A., & Madkour, M. (2012). Impact Of Climate Change On Arid Lands Agriculture. Agriculture And Food Security, 1(3).
Erwin, J., Tanveer, H., & Baumler, D. J. (2019, October). Pepper Photosynthesis, Stomatal Conductance, Transpiration, and Water Use Efficiency Differ with Variety, Indigenous Habitat, and Species of Origin. HortScience, 54(10), 1662-1666. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI13871-19
Euroseeds. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://euroseeds.eu/esa-asks-european-commission-recognise-role-plant-breeding-addressing-societal-challenges
FAO. (1996). The State of Food and Agriculture. Rome: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS.
Ghassemi, F., Jakeman, A. J., & Nix, H. A. (1995). Salinisation of land and water resources : human causes, extent, management and case studies. Sydney: Wallingford, Oxon, UK : CAB International ; Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Giorio, P., Cirillo, V., Caramante, M., Oliva, M., Guida, G., Accursio, V., . . . Albrizio, R. (2020). Physiological Basis of Salt Stress Tolerance in a Landrace and a Commercial Variety of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Plants, 9(6). doi:10.3390/plants9060795
Githu, F., & Goodwin, I. (2020). Crop yield response to water - Agriculture Victoria Research Technical Report. Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions. State of Victoria.
Gleick, P. H. (1998, August). Water in Crisis: Paths to Sustainable Water Use. Ecological Applications, 8(3), 571-579.
Godoy, F., Olivos-Hernández, K., Stange, C., & Handford, M. G. (2021, January). Abiotic Stress in Crop Species: Improving Tolerance by Applying Plant Metabolites. Plants, 186(2). doi:10.3390/plants10020186
Grattan, S. R., & Grieve , C. M. (1999). Mineral Nutrient Acquisition and Response by Plants Grown in Saline Environments. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress (pp. 203-229). doi:10.1201/9780824746728.ch9
Hanin, M., Ebel, C., Ngom, M., Laplaze, L., & Masmoudi, K. (2016, November 29). New Insights on Plant Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Their Potential Use for Breeding. Frontiers in Plant Science. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01787
Khataar, M., Mohammadi, M. H., & Shabani , F. (2018). Soil salinity and matric potential interaction on water use, water use efficiency and yield response factor of bean and wheat. Scientific Reports, 8. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20968-z
Kiremit, M. S., & Arslan, H. (2016, March 30). Effects of irrigation water salinity on drainage water salinity, evapotranspiration and other leek (Allium porrum L.) plant parameters. Scientia Horticulturae, 201, 211-217. doi:0.1016/j.scienta.2016.02.001
Koyro, H. W., Geissler, N., & Ahmad, P. (2012). Abiotic Stress Responsesin Plants: An Overview. In P. Ahmad, & M. N. Prasad (Eds.), Environmental adaptations and stress tolerance of plants in the era of climate change. Springer, NY. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0815-4_1
Kumar, K., Gambhir, G., Dass, A., Tripathi, A. K., Singh , A., Jha, A. K., . . . Rakshit, S. (2020, March 31). Genetically modified crops: current status and future prospects. Planta, 251(4). doi:10.1007/s00425-020-03372-8
Kurunc, A., Unlukara, A., & Cemek, B. (2011). Salinity and drought affect yield response of bell pepper similarly. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 61(6), 514-522. doi:10.1080/09064710.2010.513691
Küçükyumuk, C., Yıldız, H., & Meric, M. K. (2020, June). The Response of Braeburn Apple to Regulated Deficit Irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26, 154-163. doi:10.15832/ankutbd.491542
López-Serrano, L., Calatayud, Á., López-Galarza, S., Serrano, R., & Bueso, E. (2021, April 8). Uncovering salt tolerance mechanisms in pepper plants: a physiological and transcriptomic approach. BMC Plant Biology.
Maas, E. V., & Hoffman, G. J. (1977). CROP SALT TOLERANCE - CURRENT ASSESSMENT. U. S. Salinity Laboratory. MEI, X.-r., ZHONG, X.-l., Vadez, V., & LIU, X.-y. (2013, July). Improving Water Use Efficiency of Wheat Crop Varieties in the North China Plain: Review and Analysis. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 12(7), 1243-1250. doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60437-2 Munns, R. (2002). Comparative Physiology of Salt and Water Stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25(2), 239-250. doi:10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00808.x
Munns, R., & Tester, M. (2008, February). Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59(1), 651-81. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911
Navarro, J. M., Garrido, C., Carvajal, M., & Martínez, V. (2002, January). Yield and fruit quality of pepper plants under sulphate and chloride salinity. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 77(1), 52-57. doi:10.1080/14620316.2002.11511456
Penella, C., Nebauer, S. G., Oliver, A. Q., Bautista, A. S., López-Galarza, S., & Calatayud, A. (2014, October). Some rootstocks improve pepper tolerance to mild salinity through ionic regulation. Plant Science, 230. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.10.007
Postel, S. (1999). Pillar of Sand – Can The Irrigation Miracle Last? W. W. Norton & Company Ltd. Prado, S. A., Bosquet, L. C., Grau, A., Coupel-Ledru, A., Millet, E., & Tardieu, F. (2018). Genetic control of stomatal conductance in maize and conditional effects to water deficit and evaporative demand as revealed by phenomics. 60. Maize Genetics Conference. Saint-Malo.
Qiu, R., Liu, C., Wang, Z., Yang, Z., & Jing, Y. (2017). Effects of irrigation water salinity on evapotranspiration modified by leaching fractions in hot pepper plants. Scientific Reports, 7.
Rameshwaran, P., Tepe, A., Yazar, A., & Ragab, R. (2016, February 16). Effects of drip-irrigation regimes with saline water on pepper productivity and soil salinity under greenhouse conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 199, 114-123. doi:doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.12.007
Ratnakumar, P., Vadez, V., Nigam, S. N., & Krishnamurthy,, L. (2009). Assessment of transpiration efficiency in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under drought using a lysimetric system. Plant Biology- Special Issue: Plant Functioning in a Changing Global Environment., 11, 124-130. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00260.x