Fitotoxinlerin Bitki Hastalıklarındaki Rolü

Bitki patojeni bazı bakteri ve fungusların hastalandırdıkları bitkilerde fitotoksin olarak adlandırılan toksik maddeler ürettikleri bilinmektedir. Fitotoksinler düşük moleküler ağırlıkta ve sesquiterpenoit, sesterterpenoit, diketopiperazin, peptit, spirosilik laktam, isokumarin, poliketit tetramik asit ve perilenequinon içeren geniş bir kimyasal gruba dahildirler. Fitotoksinler konukçuya spesifik toksinler KST patojene hassas yalnızca bir bitkiyi etkiler ve konukçuya spesifik olmayan toksinler KSOT daha geniş bir konukçu dizinini etkiler olarak sınıflandırılabilirler. Günümüze kadar yaklaşık 23 KST ve 34 KSOT belirlenmiştir. KST‟ler Alternaria ve Cochliobolus cinsine ait funguslar başta olmak üzere diğer bazı funguslar tarafından üretilmektedir. KSOT‟ler ise hem bakteriler hem de funguslar tarafından üretilmektedir. Fitotoksinler konukçu bitkilerde solgunluk, kloroz, yanıklıklar, nekroz, sulu görünüm ve gallere gelişme bozukluklarına neden olmaktadırlar

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fitotoksin, KST, KSOT, bakteri, fungus, bitki hastalıkları

Role Of Phytotoxins In Plant Diseases

Bacterial and fugal plant pathogens are known to produce toxic subtance in infectected plants, Which are named as phytotoxins. Phytotoxins are small molecules and have a variety of structures including sesquiterpenoids, sesterterpenoids, diketopiperazines, peptides, spirocyclic lactams, isocoumarins, polyketides, tetramic acids and perylenequinones. Phytotoxins may be classified as host specific toxins HST and non host specific toxins NHST . Host specific toxins affect only plants of a genotype susceptible to the pathogens. On the other hand, non-host specific toxins affect a lot of plants. So far, Approximately 23 HST and 34 NHST have been determined. All of HSTs are produced by fungi, many of Which belonging to Alternaria ve Cochliobolus. NHSTs produce both bacteria and fungi. Phytotoxins cause a wide range of simtomps on host plants including wilt, chlorosis, blights, leaf spots, necrosis, water soaking and galls

Keywords:

Phytotoxins, HST, NHST, bacteria, fungi, plant disease,

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