Zübeyde Filiz ARSLAN, Eda AKSOY, Serdar EYMİRLİ, Özcan TETİK

Domates tarlalarında sorun olan mısırlı canavar otunun [Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel] mücadelesinde bazı tuzak ve yakalayıcı bitkilerin allelopatik özelliklerinden yararlanma olanakları

Canavar otları tam parazit bitkiler olup, kültür bitkilerinde önemli oranda verim ve kalite düşüşüne neden olurlar. Dünyada bu yabancı otlara karşı uygulanabilecek etkili tek bir yöntem olmaması nedeniyle, genel olarak entegre mücadele önerilmektedir. Bu yabancı otların mücadelesinde tuzak ve yakalayıcı bitkilerin kullanımı önemli bir stratejidir ve ayrıca yine mücadelelerinde allelokimyasallara sahip bitkilerden de yararlanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada domates yetiştiriciliğinde sorun olan mısırlı canavar otuna [Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel] karşı bazı bitkilerin (tuzak bitki olarak keten, yakalayıcı bitki olarak lahana, Brüksel lahanası, brokoli, karnabahar, kanola, şalgam turpu ve mercimek) alleleopatik potansiyellerinin kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, 2008-2009 yıllarında Adana ilinde, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak tarla denemeleri yürütülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, allelopatik potansiyeli araştırılan yakalayıcı bitkiler içerisinden Phelipanche aegyptiaca’nın dal sayısında % 59.5, kuru ağırlığında % 50.89 etkili bulunan şalgam turpu uygulamasının en etkili uygulama olduğu, diğer Brassica türlerinden brokoli ve kanola ise potansiyel yakalayıcı bitkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tuzak bitki olarak seçilen ketenin ise mısırlı canavar otunun dal sayısında % 14.5, kuru ağırlığında % 20.24 etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Utilization opportunities from allelopathic features of some catch and trap crops for controlling egyptian broomrape [Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel] in tomato fields

Broomrapes are obligate root parasitic plants and cause a significant decrease in yield and quality of host plants. Due to lack of a single effective and economic method can be applied to the weeds in the world, integrated management is recommended in general. Using of trap and catch crops is an important strategy for controlling of the weeds and allelopathic plants are also utilized for the control. In this study, the possibilities of using allelopathic features of some plants (flax as a trap plant, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, canola, lentils and turnip as catch crops) were investigated against Egyptian broomrape [Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel] which is problematic in the cultivation of tomato. For this aim, field trials were conducted in the Adana province in the years of 2008-2009, as randomized complete block design with four replications. As a result, turnip radish was determined as the most effective treatment with 59.5% and 50.89% efficiency to branch number and dry weight of P. aegyptiaca, respectively. Also, broccoli and canola within the other Brassica species were determined as the potential catch crops. Flax selected as a trap crop was effective 14.5% and 20.24% to branch and dry weight of P. aegyptiaca, respectively.

PDF

___

Abbott W S (1925). A Method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Jornal of Economic Entomology 18:265-267
Abebe G, Sahile G & Al-Tawaha A R M (2005). Evaluation of potential trap crops on Orobanche soil seed bank and tomato yield in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1(2): 148-151
Acharya B D, Khattri G B, Chettri M K & Srivastava S C (2002). Effect of Brassica campestris var. toria as a catch crop on Orobanche aegyptiaca seed bank. Crop Protection 21: 533-537
Aksoy E & Uygur F N (2008). Effect of broomrapes on tomato and faba bean crops. The Journal of Turkish Weed Science 11(1):1-7
Aly R (2007). Conventional and biotechnological approaches for control of parasitic weeds. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology Plant 43: 304- 317
Arslan Z F & Uygur F N (2013). Potency of some synthetiz stimulants and root exudates on the germination of Phelipanche spp. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 19: 198-206
Babaei S, Alizadeh H, Jahansouz M R, Mashahadi H R & Moeini M M (2010). Management of Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pomel. using trap crops in rotation with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Australian Journal of Crop Science 4(6): 437-442
Bell D T & Muller C H (1973). Dominanace of California annual grasslands by Brassica nigra. American Midland Naturalist 90: 277-299
Boz O, Doğan M N, Oğüt D, Kır K (2008). Occurrence of weeds in greenhouse tomato in the Aegean Region of Turkey with special emphasis on Orobanche spp. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection Special Issue XXI, pp. 521-526
Bülbül Z F & Uygur F N (2009). Effect of soil solarization on broomrape in greenhouse tomato In Rubiales, D, Westwood, J, Uludag, A (eds). 10th World Congress on Parasitic Plants, 8-12 June, Kuşadası, Turkey, pp. 97
Cordas D J (1973). Effects of branched broomrape on tomatoes in California. Plant Disease Reporter 57: 926-927.
Çamurköylü N & Nemli Y (1997). Domateste Orobanche ramosa L.’ya karşı dayanıklılığın uyarılması üzerinde araştırmalar. Türkiye II. Herboloji Kongresi Bildirileri, 1-4 Eylül, İzmir & Ayvalık, s. 31-38
Demirkan H (1993). Marmara Bölgesi domates alanlarında sorun olan canavar otunun (Orobanche ramosa L.)’nun biyolojisi ve mücadelesi üzerinde araştırmalar (Doktora Tezi), Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Basılmamış), Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı. Bornova, İzmir
Demirkan H & Nemli (1993). Bazı domates çeşitlerinin Orobanche ramosa L.’ya duyarlılıklarının araştırılması. Türkiye I. Herboloji Kongresi, Bildiriler, 3-5 Şubat, Adana, s. 309-314
Edwards W G H (1972). Orobanche and other plant parasite factors. In: Harborne, J. B. (ed.) Phytochemical Ecology, Academic Press, pp. 235-248
Eizenberg H, Aly R & Cohen Y (2012). Technologies for smart chemical control of broomrape (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.) Weed Science 60: 316–323
Ekiz E (1970). Türkiyede önemli bazı Orobanche türlerinin Biyolojisi, morfolojisi ve konukçu bitkilere yaptığı zararlar üzerinde araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi yayınları: 388, Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve İncelemeler 238, s.128
Emiroğlu Ü J, Nemli Y & Küçüközden R (1987). The resistance of Aegean tobacco lines and cultivars to broomrape (O. ramosa) and the effect of that parasite on yield and quality. In: Weber, H. Chr., W. Forstreueter (eds.) Proc. 4th Int. Symposium on Parasitic Flowering Plants, Marburg, FRG, pp. 175- 182
Foy C L, Jain R & Jacobsohn R (1989). Recent approaches for chemical control of broomrape (Orobanche spp.): a review. Rev. Weed Science 4: 123–152
Ghotbi M, Rouhi HR, Amini Dehaghi M, Ghotbi M, Moghaddam Khamseh A R & Wahsha M (2012). Mitigate Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers. infestation considering natural environment conservation. International Journal of AgriScience 2(1): 62-77
Gilli A (1982). Orobanche L. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Ed. Davis P.H.). Vol.7 Edinburgh at the University Press; pp. 3-23
Haramoto E R & Gallandt E R (2005). Brassica cover cropping: I. effects on weed and crop establishment. Weed Science 53:695-701
HAUSTORIUM (2006). Haustorium 49 parasitic plants newsletter, July. http://www.parasiticplants.org/ docs/ Haustorium/Haustorium_49.pdf
Joel D M, Hershenhorn J, Eizenberg H, Aly R, Ejeta G, Rich P J, Ransom J K, Sauerborn J & Rubiales D (2007). Biology and management of weedy root parasites. Horticultural Reviews 33: 267–350
Kaya Y, Demirci M & Evci G (2004). Sunflower (Heliathus annuus L.) breeding in Turkey from broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loeffl.) and herbicide resistance. Helia 27(40): 199-210
Khalaf K A (1992). Evaluation of the biological activity of flax as a trap crop against Orobanche parasitism of Vicia faba. Tropical Agriculture 69(1): 35-38
Kıtıkı A, Açıkgöz N & Cinsoy A S (1993). Baklada (Vicia faba L.) Orobanşın (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) kontrolü ve ilaçlamanın bazı verim komponentlerine etkisi Türkiye I. Herboloji Kongresi, Bildiriler, 3-5 Şubat, Adana, s. 297-307
Kleifeld Y, Goldwasser Y, Herzlinger G, Joel D M, Golan S & Kahana D (1994). The effects of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and other crop as trap and catch crops for control of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) Weed Research 34 (1): 37-44
Linke KH, Sauerborn J & Saxena M C (1989). Orobanche field quide. University of Hohenheim, Germany. P. 41
Matiwade P S, Kajjidoni, S T & Hundekar A R (2010). Orobanche management in bidi tobacco through trap crops in Northern Karnataka, India. Plant Archives 10(1): 479-481
Mijatovic K & Stojanovic D (1973). Distrubution of Orobanche spp. on the agricultural crops in Yugoslavia. In: Proc. International Symposium Parasitic Weeds. European Weed Research Council, Malta, pp. 28-34
Narwal S S (1999). Allelopathy in weed management. Allopathy Update, Volume 2, Basic and Applied Aspects (Eds: SS Narwal), pp. 204-254
Nemli Y, Türkseven S, Demirkan H, Uludağ A & Kaçan K (2009). Patateste bazı organik maddelerin canavarotu (Orobanche ramosa L./O. aegyptiaca Pers.) çıkışına etkileri. Türkiye III. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri (Türkiye VI. Herboloji Kongresi), 15-18 Temmuz, Van, s. 289
Orel-Aksoy E & Uygur F N (2003). Distrubition of Orobanche spp. in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey. 7th EWRS (European Weed Research Society) Mediterranean Symposium, 6-9 May, Adana, Turkey, pp. 131-132
Öztürk L & Demirkan H (2010). Bazı bitki yapraklarının ve bunların toprakta bekleme sürelerinin patateste sorun olan canavar otu [Phelipanche spp. (Syn: Orobanche spp.)]’na etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 47(2): 105-112
Parker C & Riches C R (1993). Parasitic weeds of the world: biology and control. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 332 p.
Rice E (1995). Biological control of weeds and plant diseases. Advances in Apllied Allelopathy. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press
Sauerborn J (1991). Parasitic flowering plants, ecology and management. Verlag Josef Margraf Scientific Books, Germany
Schnell H, Linke K H & Sauerborn J (1994). Trap cropping its effect on yield and Orobanche crenata Forsk. infestation on following pea (Pisum sativum L.) crops. Tropical Science 34(3): 306-314
Siami K, Vazan S, Jamshidi S & Alimohammadi R (2007). Using of crops as trap for Orobanche aegyptiaca management in tomato in greenhouse conditions. Journal of New Agricultural Science 3(8): 37-44
TUIK (2013). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ (Erişim tarihi: 31.07.2013).
Uludağ A & Demir A (1997). Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde mercimek alanlarında bulunan parazit yabancı otlar. Türkiye II. Herboloji Kongresi Bildirileri, 1-4 Eylül, İzmir & Ayvalık, s. 379-384
Uygur F N (1985). Untersuchungen zu Art und Bedeutung der Verunkrautung in der Cukurova unter besonder berücksichtigung von Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers und Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. PLITS, 1985/3 (5), Stuttgart
Vazan S, Siami K, Jamshidiand D & Alimohammadi R (2007). Orobanche aegyptiaca management by catch and trap crops in tomato. European Weed Research Society, 14th EWRS Symposium, 17-21 June, Hamar, Norway, pp. 114
Westwood J H, DePamphilis C W, Das M, Ferna ́ndez- Aparicio M, Honaas L A, Timko M P, Wafula E K, Wickett N J & Yoder J I (2012). The parasitic plant genome project: new tools for understanding the biology of Orobanche and Striga. Weed Science 60(2): 295–306
Wurgler W (1973). Studies on hemp bromrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) in Switzerland. In: Proc. International Symposium on Parasitic Weeds. European Weed Research Council, Malta, pp. 218-223