Filistin Baharı Gerçekleşti mi? Filistin’deki Kayıp On Yıl

DOI: 10.26650/TurkJHist.2018.384983Filistin’in siyasi sistemi, Fetih ve Hamas arasında devam eden politik ve ideolojik kavga nedeniyle 2007 yılından bu yana sıkışmış vaziyettedir. Filistin’in işgal edilmiş toprakları, Batı Şeria’yı yöneten Filistin Ulusal Otoritesi (PNA) ile Gazze Şeridi’ni kontrol eden Hamas arasında siyasi olarak ikiye bölünmüştür. Sözkonusu stratejik çerçeve rakip iki grubun hegemonik pozisyonları dikkate alındığında hem Filistin siyasetinde hem de sivil alanda yıkıcı etkilere sebep olmuştur. Karşılıklı düşmanlık ve ulusal uzlaşmaya varma konusundaki isteksizlik, 2010 yılından bu yana başkanlık ve yasama seçimlerini kesintiye uğratarak Filistin davasını uluslararası alanda zayıflattı. Arap Baharı hareketi başlangıçta Filistinlilere devrimsel bir uyarıcı ve iç siyasette mücadele etmek için stratejik bir pencere sundu. Ancak geçmişe bakıldığında, Filistin Baharı, talep edilen politik-ekonomik reformlara ulaşmada ve Fetih ile Hamas’ın ulusal birliğini gerçekleştirmede kısa süreli ve etkisiz kaldığını kanıtladı. Makale diğer faktörlerin yanında iki ana faktör önermektedir: (1) ulusal projenin fiyaskosu ve bunun sonucu olarak toplumsal hareket tarafından öykünülecek hiyerarşik ve örgütsel bir rol modelinin eksikliği; (2) ve Filistin davasının, halkın sıkıntısını absorbe eden ve devrimci liderliklere karşı radikal bir devrimci değişim (kitlesel Filistin toplumsal hareketi) olasılığını azaltan işgalci bağlamı.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Arap Baharı, Filistin Baharı, Üçüncü İntifada, İsrail, PLO, PNA, Fetih, Hamas, Ortadoğu, Kayıp on yıl, Fetih-Hamas ayrılığı

DID A PALESTINE SPRING TAKE PLACE? THE LOST DECADE IN PALESTINE

DOI: 10.26650/TurkJHist.2018.384983The Palestinian political system has been struck since 2007 by political and ideological feuding between Fatah and Hamas. The occupied Palestinian territories (OPT) have been politically divided between the PNA-governed West Bank and Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip. This strategic framework has destructive implications for Palestinian politics and civil space given the hegemonic positions of both rival factions. Inter-movement enmity and the lack of willingness to reach national reconciliation have stalled presidential and legislative elections since 2010 and debilitated the Palestinian cause in the international arena. The Arab Spring movement, in its initial state, delivered to Palestinians a revolutionary stimulus and a strategic window to challenge domestic politics. In retrospect, however, the Palestine Spring proved to be short-lived and ineffective in achieving the demanded politico-economic reforms and national unification of Fatah and Hamas. The article suggests two main factors, among others: (1) the fiasco of the national movement / project and as a result the lack of a hierarchical and organizational role model for the social movement to emulate and (2) the occupational context of the Palestinian case that absorbs public discomfort and decreases the possibility of a mass social movement (a far-reaching Palestine Spring) against historical leadership.

Keywords:

Fatah, Hamas, Palestine Spring, Third Intifada, Reconciliation, Division,

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