TIP FAKÜLTESİ SON SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KARİYER TERCİHLERİ VE BU TERCİHLERİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

AmaçKariyer, genel anlamıyla seçilen bir iş hattında ilerlemek ve bunun sonucunda sorumluluk üstlenmek,statü kazanmak ve saygınlık elde etmek anlamınıtaşımaktadır. Bir kişinin iş yaşantısındaki aktivite,sorumluluk, tutum ve davranışlarının gelişimidir. Tıpfakültesi öğrencilerini mezuniyet sonrası temel, dâhilive cerrahi bilimler alanlarında farklı düzey ve statüdekariyer olanakları beklemektedir. Bu çalışmada TıpFakültesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin kariyer tercihlerininne olduğu ve bu tercihlerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.Gereç ve YöntemÇalışmada karma araştırma yöntemi ve tamamlayıcılık deseni kullanılmıştır. Nicel ve nitel veriler eşzamanlı toplanmış ve bir yöntemden elde edilen bulguların detaylandırılması, sunulması, artırılması veaçıklığa kavuşturulmasında diğer yöntemin sonuçları kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak odak grupgörüşmeleri ve kariyer tercih anketi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan odak grup görüşmeleri içerik çözümlemesi ileanaliz edilmiştir. Transkriptleri çıkarıldıktan sonra kodlanıp, kategorize edilmiştir. Veri analizinde tanımlayıcıistatistikler ve Fisher’s Exact Test kullanılmıştır.BulgularÇalışmaya katılanların %60.9’u (n=28) kadın, genelyaş ortalaması 24.4 (±1.9) idi. Öğrencilerin %66.7’si(n=30) mezuniyet sonrasında dâhili, %28.9’u (n=13)cerrahi, %4.4’ü (n=2) temel tıp bilimlerini seçmeyiplanlıyordu. Hiçbir öğrenci meslek hayatına pratisyenhekim olarak devam etmek istemiyordu. Öğrencilerin%84.8’i mezuniyet sonrasında “kamu hastanelerinde”çalışmak istediklerini ifade etti. “Yaşam tarzı esnekliği” ve “Kabul edilebilir çalışma saatleri” kariyer tercihini en çok etkilediği ifade edilen faktörlerdendi. Kariyertercihini en az etkilediği ifade edilen faktörler ise “aileisteği” ve “sürekli mesleki gelişim için zaman ve paraharcama zorunluluğu” ile “toplum tarafından algılananstatü” idi. Odak grup görüşmelerinden “ilgi, yetenek,para, saygınlık statü, kabul edilebilir ve yönetilebilirçalışma koşulları, dar ve odaklanmış ve genel uygulama alanı, Tıpta Uzmanlık Sınavı (TUS)’ndan alınanpuan, mesleki tatmin, hastalar ve hasta yakınları ileilişkiler, etik ilişkiler, yurtdışı olanaklar ve kariyer danışmanlığı” etkileyen faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir.SonuçÖğrencilerin kariyer planlamalarını yetenek ve ilgialanlarına göre yapabilmelerini desteklemek ve sağlık alanında dengeli bir hizmet dağılımı sağlamak için,çalışma koşullarının düzenlenmesi yanında, mezuniyet öncesi eğitimde olumlu rol modellerinin varlığı vekariyer danışmanlığı önem kazanmaktadır.

CAREER PREFERENCES OF SENIOR STUDENTS IN FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND FACTORS AFFECTING THESE PREFERENCES

Objective A career, in general, is to show progress in a profession and, taking responsibility, gaining status and dignity. It is the development of activity, responsibility, attitude and behaviour of a person in professional life. Career opportunities at different levels in fundamental, internal and surgical sciences are awaiting Medical students after graduation. In this study, we aim to determine the career preferences of the last year students in the Faculty of Medicine and to determine the factors that affect these preferences. Materials and Methods Mixed research method and complementarity pattern were used in the study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected simultaneously and the results of the other method were used to elaborate, present, increase and clarify the findings obtained from the other method. Focus group interviews and career preference questionnaire were used as data collection tools. The focus group interviews were analysed with content analysis. Interview transcripts were coded and categorised afterwards. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s Exact Test were used in data analysis. Results 0f the participants, 60.9% (n = 28) were female and the mean age was 24.4 (± 1.9). Of the students, 66.7% (n = 30) planned to study in internal medicine after graduation, 28.9% (n = 13) in surgical medicine sciences, and 4.4% (n = 2) in fundamental science. None of the students wanted to continue their career as a general practitioner. Eighty-four per cent of the students stated that they want to work in public hospitals after graduation. “Lifestyle flexibility” and “acceptable working hours” were the factors that affected the career preference most. The factors that had the least impact on career choice were “family influence”, “necessity to spend time and money for continuous professional development” and “community perceived status”. Interest, ability, money, dignity, status, acceptable and manageable working conditions, narrow and focused and general area of application, score from medical specialty exam (TUS), professional satisfaction, relationships with patients and their relatives, ethical relations, international opportunities and career counselling, were determined as factors from focus group interviews, affecting career choice. Conclusions In order to support students' ability to make career planning according to their abilities and interests, and to ensure a balanced service distribution in the health field, besides the regulation of working conditions, the presence of positive role models and career counselling are gaining importance.

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