Ercan BAŞ, Hasan Murat UÇAR, Funda YILDIRIM BAŞ, Şükriye YEŞİLOT, İlkay ARMAĞAN, Arzu Didem YALÇIN

Histopathological Effects of 2.45 Gigahertz Electromagnetic Radiation on the Rat Kidney, and Protective Effects of Vitamin C

Objective: To investigate the effects of electromagneticradiation (EMR) on the kidneys based on histopathologicalchanges of renal damage, and to investigate the amelioratingeffects of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) against EMR-inducedrenal damage in rats.Material-Method: Eighteen female Sprague-Dawley ratswere divided into three groups of six rats each. First groupwas the control group; these rats were kept in their cageswithout stress or electromagnetic radiation exposure. Secondgroup was exposed to 2.45 gigahertz (GHz) electromagneticradiation for 30 days. Third group was also exposed to 2.45GHz electromagnetic radiation for 30 days (1 h / day) butreceived vitamin C 250 mg / kg – 5 cc daily orally 24 hoursprior to the first exposure and daily throughout the experiment.All rats underwent nephrectomy for histopathologicalexamination.Results: There were no pathological findings in the controlgroup. Significant pathological changes were observed in EMRgroup, including tubular and glomerular damage (p0.05).Tubular and glomerular damage was less severe in EMR +vitamin C group than in EMR group (p0.05).Conclusions: Electromagnetic radiation-induced tubularand glomerular damage in the kidney was almost completelyreversed with the administration of vitamin C beforeelectromagnetic radiation exposure

2.45 Gigahertz Elektromanyetik Radyasyonun Sıçan Böbreğindeki Histopatolojik Etkileri ve C Vitamininin Koruyucu Etkisi

Amaç: Elektromanyetik radyasyonun sıçan böbreğinde yol açtığı histopatolojik hasarı ve C vitamininin (askorbik asit) oluşan bu renal hasara karşı iyileştirici etkilerini araştırmak. Materyal-Metot: On sekiz dişi Sprague-Dawley sıçanı, her biri altı sıçan olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1 kontrol grubuydu; bu sıçanlar herhangi bir stres veya elektromanyetik radyasyona maruz kalmadan kafeslerinde tutuldu. Grup 2, 30 gün boyunca 2.45 gigahertz elektromanyetik radyasyona maruz bırakıldı. Grup 3 de 30 gün boyunca (günde 1 saat) 2.45 GHz elektromanyetik radyasyona maruz bırakıldı, ancak ilk maruziyetinden 24 saat önce ve deney boyunca her gün oral olarak 250 mg / kg – 5 cc C vitamini verildi. Tüm sıçanlara histopatolojik inceleme için nefrektomi yapıldı. Bulgular: Kontrol grubunda herhangi bir patolojik değişiklik olmadı. EMR grubunda tübüler ve glomerüler hasarı içeren önemli patolojik değişiklikler izlendi (p0,05). Tübüler ve glomerüler hasar EMR + C vitamini grubunda EMR grubuna göre göre daha az şiddetliydi (p0,05). Sonuç: Elektromanyetik radyasyonun böbrekte yol açtığı tübüler ve glomerüler hasar, elektromanyetik radyasyon maruziyeti öncesi alınan C vitamini ile neredeyse tamamen normale dönmektedir.

PDF

___

1. Kheifets L, Afifi AA, Shimkhada R. Public health impact of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Environmental health perspectives. 2006; 114(10): 1532-7.

2. Li M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Yu Z. Elevation of plasma corticosterone levels and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor translocation in rats: a potential mechanism for cognition impairment following chronic low-power-density microwave exposure. Journal of radiation research. 2008; 49(2): 163-70.

3. Almasiova V, Holovska K, Cigankova V, Racekova E, Fabianova K, Martoncikova M. Structural and ultrastructural study of rat testes influenced by electromagnetic radiation. Journal of toxicology and environmental health Part A. 2014; 77(13): 747-50.

4. Devrim E, Erguder IB, Kilicoglu B, Yaykasli E, Cetin R, Durak I. Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation Use on Oxidant / Antioxidant Status and DNA Turn-over Enzyme Activities in Erythrocytes and Heart, Kidney, Liver, and Ovary Tissues From Rats: Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C. Toxicology mechanisms and methods. 2008; 18(9): 679-83.

5. Ilhan A, Gurel A, Armutcu F, Kamisli S, Iraz M, Akyol O, et al. Ginkgo biloba prevents mobile phone-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2004; 340(1-2): 153-62.

6. Ozguner F, Oktem F, Armagan A, Yilmaz R, Koyu A, Demirel R, et al. Comparative analysis of the protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on mobile phone-induced renal impairment in rat. Molecular and cellular biochemistry. 2005; 276(1-2): 31-7.

7. Berliner JA, Heinecke JW. The role of oxidized lipoproteins in atherogenesis. Free radical biology & medicine. 1996; 20(5): 707-27.

8. Baker K, Marcus CB, Huffman K, Kruk H, Malfroy B, Doctrow SR. Synthetic combined superoxide dismutase / catalase mimetics are protective as a delayed treatment in a rat stroke model: a key role for reactive oxygen species in ischemic brain injury. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1998; 284(1): 215-21.

9. Chauhan P, Verma HN, Sisodia R, Kesari KK. Microwave radiation (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative stress: Wholebody exposure effect on histopathology of Wistar rats. Electromagnetic biology and medicine. 2017; 36(1): 20-30.

10. Padayatty SJ, Katz A, Wang Y, Eck P, Kwon O, Lee JH, et al. Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2003; 22(1): 18-35.

11. Carr AC, Frei B. Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 1999; 69(6): 1086-107.

12. Harapanhalli RS, Yaghmai V, Giuliani D, Howell RW, Rao DV. Antioxidant effects of vitamin C in mice following X-irradiation. Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology. 1996; 94(3): 271-87.

13. Saygin M, Caliskan S, Karahan N, Koyu A, Gumral N, Uguz A. Testicular apoptosis and histopathological changes induced by a 2.45 GHz electromagnetic field. Toxicology and industrial health. 2011; 27(5): 455-63.

14. Faraone A, Luengas W, Chebrolu S, Ballen M, Bit-Babik G, Gessner AV, et al. Radiofrequency dosimetry for the Ferris-wheel mouse exposure system. Radiation research. 2006; 165(1): 105-12.

15. Koca O, Gokce AM, Ozturk MI, Ercan F, Yurdakul N, Karaman MI. Effects of intensive cell phone (Philips Genic 900) use on the rat kidney tissue. Urology journal. 2013; 10(2): 886-91.

16. Hopewell J, Calvo W, Jaenke R, Reinhold H, Robbins M, Whitehouse E. Microvasculature and radiation damage. Acute and Long-Term Side-Effects of Radiotherapy: Springer; 1993. p. 1-16.

17. Stoyanovsky DA, Goldman R, Darrow RM, Organisciak DT, Kagan VE. Endogenous ascorbate regenerates vitamin E in the retina directly and in combination with exogenous dihydrolipoic acid. Current eye research. 1995; 14(3): 181-9.

18. Guney M, Ozguner F, Oral B, Karahan N, Mungan T. 900 MHz radiofrequency-induced histopathologic changes and oxidative stress in rat endometrium: protection by vitamins E and C. Toxicology and industrial health. 2007; 23(7): 411-20.

19. Hardell L, Sage C. Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2008; 62(2): 104-9.

20. Yakymenko I, Sidorik E. Risks of carcinogenesis from electromagnetic radiation of mobile telephony devices. Experimental oncology. 2010;32(2): 54-60.

21. Al-Damegh MA. Rat testicular impairment induced by electromagnetic radiation from a conventional cellular telephone and the protective effects of the antioxidants vitamins C and E. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 2012; 67(7): 785-92.