Penelope Fitzgerald’ın “Sahaf” Romanında Yabancılaşma

Bu makalenin amacı, tanınmış İngiliz yazar Penelope Fitzgerald’ın (1916-2000) Sahaf’(1978) isimli ikinci romanında yabancılaştırma tekniğini kullanma şeklini analiz etmektir. Birçok eleştirmen tarafından geç yirminci yüzyıl İngiliz romanının “sessiz dâhisi” olarak anılan Penelope Fitzgerald, kendine özgü ve zarif tarzıyla bilinmektedir. Ahlak, cesaret, nezaket, yardım etme ve umut etme gibi aşina olduğumuz kavramlara oldukça yeni ve özgün bir yorum kazandırmasından dolayı esrarengiz, ya da Rus formalist Viktor Şklovski’nin ileri sürdüğü ostranenie kavramının ustası olarak da bilinir. Edebi bir kavram olan yabancılaştırma tekniği yoluyla, okuyucu bu gibi kavramlara yeni bir farkındalık kazanır. Romanlarında, denemelerinde, incelemelerinde ve mektuplarında aşina olduğumuz bu kavramları yabancılaştırarak ve onlara yeni anlamlar yükleyerek gözlerden kaçmış saklı gerçeklerle okuyucuyu şaşırtır. Penelope Fitzgerald bunları yapmak suretiyle okura haz vermenin ötesine geçerek okurun dikkatini illüzyonsuz, “olduğu gibi” bir hayata çekmeye çalışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Penelope Fitzgerald, Sahaf, yabancılaştırma tekniği, paradoksal fikirler, ahlak, cesaret

Defamiliarization in Penelope Fitzgerald’s Novel “The Bookshop”

The aim of the present paper is to reveal how Penelope Fitzgerald (1916-2000), the well-known English writer, employs defamiliarization device in her second novel The Bookshop (1978). Penelope Fitzgerald is mainly known for her distinctive and elegant style, called by many critics the “quiet genius” of the late twentieth-century English fiction. She can also be called the master of the uncanny, or ostranenie (making it strange), as the Russian formalist Viktor Shklovsky defined it. Penelope Fitzgerald brings quite new and original interpretations to the familiar concepts like morality, courage, kindness, help and hope. Through the literary concept of defamiliarization, the reader gains a new awareness of these issues. In her novels, essays, reviews and letters, she surprises the reader by defamiliarizing these well-known notions, loading them with new meaning and surprising the reader with the newly discovered truths which had always been there unnoticed by readers. By doing so, Penelope Fitzgerald’s aim is far from lifting the readers’ hearts. On the contrary, she tries to draw their attention to the life without any illusions, life “as it really is.”

Keywords:

Penelope Fitzgerald, The Bookshop, defamiliarization, paradoxical ideas, morality, courage,

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