Dışsal Glisin Uygulamasıyla Allium cepa L.'da Tuz Teşvikli Stresin Hafifletilmesi

Bu çalışmada, tuzluluğa maruz bırakılan Allium cepa L. tohumlarındaki fizyolojik parametreler olarak tohum çimlenmesi, radikula uzunluğu, radikula sayısı, taze ağırlık ve sitogenetik parametreler olarak mitotik aktivite, kromozomal anormallikler ve mikronükleus sıklığı üzerine glisinin rolü incelenmiştir. Tuzluluk A. cepa'nın tohum çimlenmesi ve fide büyümesinde önemli bir inhibe edici etki göstermiştir. Dahası, tuz A. cepa’nın kök ucu hücrelerindeki mitotik indeksi önemli ölçüde düşürmüş ve sitolojik hasarın en basit ve en etkili göstergesi olan mikronükleus sıklığı ve kromozomal anormalliklerin sayısını arttırmıştır. Buna karşılık, tohum çimlenmesi, mitotik aktivite, kromozomal anormallikler ve fide büyümesi üzerine tuzun inhibe edici etkileri glisin uygulamasıyla önemli ölçüde azalmış, fakat mikronükleus sıklığı üzerinde glisin tuz hasarının azaltılmasında yetersiz kalmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Glisin, Tohum çimlenmesi, Fide büyümesi, Mitotik indeks, Kromozomal anormallikler, Tuz stresi

Alleviation of Salt-Induced Stress in Allium cepa L. by Exogenous Glycine Treatment

In this study, the role of glycine on the mitotic index, chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency as cytogenetic parameters and on the seed germination, radicle length, radicle number, fresh weight as physiological parameters in Allium cepa L. seeds exposed to saltness were studied. Salinity displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the seedling growth and seed germination of Allium cepa. Furthermore, salinity reduced significantly the mitotic index in A. cepa root tip cells and ascended number of chromosomal aberrations and frequency of micronucleus which is the simplest indicator, the most effective of cytological damage. On the other hand, the restricting effects of salinity on the seed germination, mitotic activity, chromosomal aberrations and seedling growth were alleviated dramatically in varying degrees by glycine application, but glycine was ineffective in reducing of salt damage on the micronucleus frequency.

Keywords:

Glycine, Seed germination, Seedling growth, Mitotic index, Chromosomal aberrations, Salt stress,

PDF

___

[1] F. A. O. (2015, February 20) . FAO land and plant nutrition management [Online]. Available: http:www.fao. org/ag/agl/agll/spush.
[2] K. Haktanır, A. Karaca, and S. M. Omar, The prospects of the impact of desertification on Turkey, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq (Book style). Springer Science-Business Media, Dordrecht, 2012, pp. 139–154.
[3] N. Çiçek, and H. Çakirlar, “The effect of salinity on some physiological parameters in two maize cultivars,” Bulg. J. Plant Physiol., 28(1-2), 66-74, 2002.
[4] E. Yildirim, A. G. Taylor, and T. D. Spittler, “Ameliorative effects of biological treatments on growth of squash plants under salt stress,” Scı. Hortic., 111, 1-6, 2006.
[5] R. K. Sairam, and A. Tyagi, “Physiology and molecular biology of salinity stress tolerance in plants,”. Curr. Scı., 86, 407–721, 2004.
[6] D. Çavuşoğlu, S. Tabur, and K. Çavuşoğlu, “The effects of Aloe vera L. leaf extract on some physiological and cytogenetical parameters in Allium cepa L. seeds germinated under salt stress,” Cytol., 81(1), 103-110, 2016.
[7] D. Çavuşoğlu, K. Çavuşoğlu, and S. Tabur, “The effects of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed extract on the seed germination, seedling growth, mitotic activity and chromosomal abberations of A. cepa L. under saline condition,” ARPN., 13(5), 50-57, 2018.
[8] S. Tabur, and K. Demir, “Cytogenetic response of 24-epibrassinolide on the root meristem cells of barley seeds under salinity,” Plant Growth Regul., 58, 119–123, 2009.
[9] M. M. Emam, and N. M. Helal, “Vitamins minimize the saltinduced oxidative stress hazards,” Austral. J. Basic Appl. Scı., 2, 1110–1119, 2008.
[10] M. Zhu, S. Shabala, L. Shabala, Y. Fan, and M. X. Zhou, “Evaluating predictive values of various physiological indices for salinity stress tolerance in wheat,” J. Agron. Crop Scı., 202(2), 115-124, 2016.
[11] T. Näsholm, K. Kielland, and U. Ganeteg, “Uptake of organic nitrogen by plants,” New Phytol., 182, 31-48, 2009.
[12] E. Aldemir, “Bazı bakır (II) kelatlarının askorbik asidin oksidasyonundaki katalitik etkilerinin spektrofotometrik incelenmesi,” M. S. thesis, Institute of Science, Yıldız Teknik Ünv., Istanbul, Turkey, 2007.
[13] D. M. Leme, and M. A. Marin-Morales, “Allium cepa test in environmental monitoring: a review on its application,” Mut. Res., 682, 71–81, 2009.
[14] P. C. Sharma, and P.K. Gupta, “Karyotypes in some pulse crops,” Nucleus, 25, 181-185, 1982.
[15] D. B. Duncan, “Multiple range and multiple F tests,” Biometrics, 11, 1-42, 1955.
[16] M. Fenech, W. P. Chang, M. Kirsch-Volders, N. Holland, S. Bonassi, and E. Zeiger, “Human micronucleus project: Detailed description of the scoring criteria for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay using isolated human lymphocyte cultures,”. Mutat. Res.-Genet. Tox. En. Muta., 534(1), 65-75, 2003.
[17] X. Q. Liu, Y. S. Kim, and K.S. Lee, “The effect of mixed amino acids on nitrate uptake and nitrate assimilation in leafy radish,” Korean J. Env. Agric., 24 (3), 245-252, 2005.
[18] J. C. G. Galindo, A. Hernάndez, F. E. Dayan, M. R. Tellez, F. A. Macías, R. N. Paul, and S. O. Duke, Dehydrozaluzanin C, “A natural sesquiterpenolide, causes rapid plasma membrane leakage,” Phytochem., 52, 805-813, 1999.
[19] C. Ghoulam, and K. Fores, “Effect of salinity on seed germination and early seedling growth of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). seed,” Scı. Tech., 29, 357–364, 2001.
[20] M. Y. Ashraf, G. Sarway, M. Ashraf, R. Afaf, and A. Sattar, “Salinity induced changes in alpha amylase activity during germination and early cotton seedling growth,” Biol. Plantarum, 45, 589–591, 2002.
[21] I . Demir, K. Mavi, M. Özçoban, and G. Okçu, “Effect of salt stress on germination and seedling growth in serially harvested aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) seeds during development,” Israel J. Plant Scı., 51, 125–131, 2003.
[22] R. M. Ali, “Role of putrescine in salt tolerance of Atropa belladonna plant,” Plant Scı., 152, 173-179, 2000.
[23] S. J. Roy, S. Negrão, and M. Tester, “Salt resistant crop plants,” Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 26, 115-124, 2014.
[24] F. Kaymak, “Cytogenetic effects of maleic hydrazide on Helianthus annuus,” Pak. J. Biol. Scien, 8 (1), 104–108, 2005.
[25] S. Radic, M. Prolic, M. Pavlica, and B. Pevalek-Kozlina, “Cytogenetic effects of osmotic stress on the root meristem cells of Centaurea ragusina L.,” Environ. Exp. Bot., 54, 213-218, 2005.
[26] N. Khanna, and S. Sharma, “Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay: a review,” Indian J. Pharm.Biol. Res., 1, 105-119, 2013.
[27] T. C. C. Fernandes, D. E. C. Mazzeo, and M.A. Marin-Morales, “Mechanism of micronuclei formation in polyploidizated cells of Allium cepa exposed to trifluralin herbicide,” Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 88, 252–259, 2007.
[28] A. A. El-Ghamery, M. A. El-Kholy, and M. A. Abou El-Yousser, “Evaluation of cytological effects of Zn2+ in relation to germination and root growth of Nigella sativa L. and Triticum aestivum L.,” Mutat. Res., 537, 29–41, 2003.
[29] R. M. Hoseiny, A. A. Aivazi, and S. Jagannath, “Cytogenetic and biochemical effects of imazethapyr in wheat (Triticum durum),” Turk. J. Biol., 35, 663–670, 2011.