Yağ gülü (Rosa damascena Mill.)’nde Çırpma Budama Zamanının Çiçek Verimi, Gül Yağ Oranı ve Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Isparta gülünde çırpma budama zamanının çiçek verimi, gül yağı oranı ve kompozisyonu üzerine olan etkilerini belirlemektir. Beş yaşındaki gül bitkileri ilkbaharda sürgünler patlamadan önce 15 Mart (erken), 30 Mart (orta) ve 15 Nisan (geç) olmak üzere üç farklı tarihte çırpma budama tekniğine göre budanmıştır. Kontrol parsellerinde budama yapılmamıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, budama zamanının çiçek verimi, gül yağ oranı ve bileşenlerini etkilediği bulunmuştur. En yüksek çiçek verimi (4302 kg/ha) kontrol bitkilerinden elde edilmiştir. Çiçek verimi ve uçucu yağ içeriği, budama zamanı ertelendiğinde sırasıyla 3559 kg/ha'dan 3905 kg/ha'a ve %0.030'dan %0.045'e çıkmıştır. Gül yağlarının GC-FID/MS analizlerine göre; geç budanan bitkilerden damıtılan gül yağlarında geraniol ve sitronelol gibi monoterpenik bileşenler daha yüksek iken, erken budanmış bitkilerde nonadekan ve heneikosan gibi parafinik hidrokarbonlar (stearoptenler) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. En yüksek sitronelol ve geraniol içeriği orta budama zamanında sırasıyla %27.28 ve %30.64 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Dikkat çekici bir sonuç, olumsuz toksik ve alerjik etkiler nedeniyle gül yağında belirli bir konsantrasyonun üzerinde istenmeyen metil öjenol içeriğinin erken budamadan geç budamaya kadar azalması olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yağ gülü, Çırpma budama, Çiçek verimi, Uçucu yağ

Effects of Top-Pruning Time on Fresh Flower Yield, Rose Oil Content and Compounds in Oil-Bearing Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.)

The aim of the research was to determine the effects of top-pruning time on flower yield, rose oil content and oil constituents in oil-bearing rose. Five-year old rose plants were top-pruned in three different dates starting from 15 March (early), 30 March (middle) and ending 15 April (late) before they started new growth in spring. In addition, non-pruned (untreated) parcels were used as controls. Top pruning time significantly affected the flower yield, oil content and its constituents. The highest flower yield (4302 kg/ha) was obtained from non-pruned plants. The fresh flower yield and rose oil content increased significantly from 3559 kg/ha to 3905 kg/ha and from 0.030 % to 0.045 %, respectively when the pruning time was delayed. GC-FID/MS analyses of rose oils revealed that monoterpenic constituents, such as geraniol and citronellol were higher in the rose oils distilled from late-pruned plants, paraffinic hydrocarbones (stearoptenes), such as nonadecane and heneicosane were higher in the rose oils distilled from early-pruned plants. The mid- pruning time (30 March) gave the highest citronellol and geraniol by 27.28 % and 30.64 %, respectively. A remarkable result was that methyl eugenol content, which is not desirable above a spesific quantity in rose oil due to allergic effects and mutagenic, decreased from early to late pruning.

Keywords:

Oil-bearing rose, Top-pruning, Flower yield, Essential oil,

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