Zerrin GÜNKAYA, Levent KARACASULU, Mesut ÇİFTÇİ, Gülperi EVLİYAOĞLU

Mermer Plaka Üretiminin Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi

Yapı malzemelerinin üretiminde doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilir kullanımı, hem Avrupa'da hem de Türkiye'de gerekli hale gelmiştir. Mermer plaka, doğallığı ve dayanıklılığı nedeniyle uzun süredir sıklıkla tercih edilen bir yapı malzemesidir. Bu teknik özelliklerin yanı sıra, mermer plakanın çevresel performansı da dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu noktadan hareketle, Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi yöntemiyle mermer plaka üretiminden kaynaklanan çevresel etkilerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Fonksiyonel birim olarak 1 m2 mermer plaka seçilmiştir. Çevresel etki kategorilerini hesaplamak için, SimaPro 8.2.0 yazılımında yer alan CML-IA yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, mermer bloğu ve elektriğin, mermer plakanın çevresel etkisine neden olan ana sebepler olduğunu göstermiştir. Mermer blok (mermer plakadan önceki işlenmemiş ürün) için dizel ve elektriğin etkileri önemlidir. Abiyotik tükenme, küresel ısınma potansiyeli, insanlar üzerine toksisite potansiyeli, mermer plaka üretiminin başlıca çevresel yükleridir. Mermer plakanın çevresel performansı ayrıca, ikisi de yer kaplama malzemesi ve birbirinin alternatifi olması açısından seramik karo ile de karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma, mermer plakanın fosil yakıt bazlı abiyotik tükenme potansiyeli (24,7 MJ) değerinin seramik karonun fosil yakıt bazlı abiyotik tükenme potansiyeli (0,935 MJ) değerinden daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Diğer yandan, seramik karonun diğer etki değerlerinin (GWP, HTP), mermer plakanın değerlerinden yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.

Life Cycle Assessment of Marble Plate Production

Sustainable use of natural resources in the production of construction materials hasbecome a necessity both in Europe and Turkey. Marble plate is a construction material that isfrequently preferred because of its neutrality and durability for a long time. Beside these technicalspecifications, its environmental performance should also be considered. From this point of view,it was aimed to investigate environmental impacts generated from marble plate production byusing Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The functional unit was determined as to be 1 m2 ofmarble plate. Foreground data were obtained from a marble production plant which has a quarryin Bilecik city and background data was gathered from Ecoinvent database. The CML-IA methodincluded in the SimaPro 8.2.0 software was used to calculate environmental impact categories.Results showed that marble quarry (the unprocessed product before the marble plate) andelectricity are the main contributors to the environmental effects of the marble plate. For marblequarry, the effects of diesel and electricity are significant. Abiotic depletion potential, globalwarming potential, and human toxicity potential were the main environmental loads of themarble plate production. The sensitivity of the results was determined by using the data obtainedfrom ELCD database in addition to Ecoinvent and it was seen that there is no so much differencebetween the results obtained by using two different databases. Additionally, environmentalperformance of the marble plate was compared to the ceramic tile since they are both floorcovering materials and alternatives of each other. This comparison showed that fossil fuel-basedabiotic depletion potential of marble plate (24.7 MJ) was higher than fossil fuel-based abioticdepletion potential of ceramic tile (0.935 MJ). On the other hand, GWP and HTP values of theceramic tile (7.97 kg CO2 eq. and 1.17 kg 1,4-DB eq., respectively) is greater than GWP and HTPvalues of the marble plate (3.96 kg CO2 eq. and 0.554 kg 1,4-DB eq., respectively).

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