Güney Karadeniz'in Samsun kıyı sularında mesozooplankton faunasının bolluk ve dağılımına etki eden ekolojik faktörlerin ekometrik yönden incelenmesi (Türkiye)

Karadeniz'in Samsun Kıyı Bölgesi mesozooplankton faunası Nisan 2012- Mart 2013 tarihleri arasında incelenmiştir. Belirlenen 4 istasyondan aylık olarak alınan su örneklerinde mesozooplankton faunasının tür kompozisyonu, bolluğu, dağılımı ve bunlara etki eden fiziko-kimyasal faktörler belirlenmiştir. Mesozooplankton bolluk verilerinden Bray-Curtis benzerlik matrisi oluşturulmuş ve örnek gruplarına birleştirici hiyerarşik kümeleme analizi, çok boyutlu ölçeklendirme analizi, benzerlik analizi (ANOSIM), benzersizlik analizi (SIMPER) uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca gruplar arasındaki farklılıklardan sorumlu ve kommüniteyi yönlendiren türlerin çevresel değişkenler ile ilişkisinin incelemek amacıylada kanonik uyum analizi (CCA) uygulanmıştır. Araştırmamızda holoplankton faunasında toplam 16 tür ve meroplanktonik organizmalar tespit edilmiştir. Mesozooplankton bolluk verilerinden elde edilen benzerlik matrisinin birleştirici hiyerarşik kümeleme analizi sonucu %64 benzerlik seviyesinde üç grup belirlenmiştir. Örnek grupları arasında benzerlik (ANOSIM), benzersizlik analizi (SIMPER) ve tür bollukları ile çevresel parametreler arasında yapılan CCA analizi sonuçlarına göre türlerin dağılımına sıcaklık, tuzluluk, NH4-N, seki disk derinliği ve pH etkili olmuştur.

Ecometric investigation of mesozooplankton abundance, distribution and its affecting ecological factors in Samsun coastal waters of Southern Black Sea (Türkiye)

The mesozooplankton fauna in Samsun coastal region of the Black Sea was investigated between April 2012 - March 2013. Species composition, abundance and biomass values of the mesozooplankton fauna and physichochemical factors that are exerting influence on these, were determined in the samples which were monthly collected at four stations. A Bray-Curtis similarity matrix was created from the mesozooplankton abundance data and agglomerative hierrarchical cluster analysis, multi dimensional scaling, analysis of similarity variance between the factor groups (ANOSIM), similartiy percentages (SIMPER) were applied on the similarity matrix. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was also applied in order to investigate the relationship between environmental variables and community configuring species which are responsible from the dissimilarities among sample groups. A total of 16 species were identified in holoplankton fauna and meroplanktonic organisms were determined. Three sample groups at the similarity levels of %64 were determined as a result of the agglomerative hierrarchical cluster analysis on the similarity matrix which was obtained from the mesozooplankton abundance data. According to the results of the CCA, similarities between sample groups (ANOSIM) and dissimilarities (SIMPER) those applied for species abundances and environmental parameters, temperature, salinity, NH4-N, Secchi Disc Depth and pH had significant effects on the distribution of species.

PDF

___

Aker, H.V., Özel, İ. 2006., Seasonal distribution of cladocerans (in Turkish). Ege J Fish Aqua Sci, 23(1/1): 17-22.
APHA., 1995., Standart methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association, Baltimore, 1216 p.
Bakus, G.J. 2007., Quantative analysis of marine biological communities: Field biology and environment. Wiley-Interscience, New Jersey, 453 p. Baytut, O, Gonulol, A., Koray, T., 2010., Temporal variations of phytoplankton
in relation to eutrification in Samsun Bay, southern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10: 363-372. doi:10.4194/trjfas.2010.0309 Berzins, B., Pejler, B., 1987., Rotifer occurence in relation to pH. Hydrobiologia. 147: 107-116. doi: 10.1007/BF00025733
Boltovskoy, D. 1999., South atlantic zooplankton. Vol. 2. 869-1706p, (Edited by Demetrio Boltovskoy). Backhuys Publishers. 837 p. Boxshall, G. A., Halsey, S. H., 2004., An introduction to copepod diversity. The Ray Society, London, 966 p.
Buyukates, Y., İnanmaz. Ö. E., 2007., Temporal variations in vertical distribution and occurrence of marine cladocerans in an urbanized harbour, Dardanelles, Turkey. Crustaceana , 80: 1293-1302. doi:10.1163/156854007782605583 Buyukates, Y., İnanmaz, Ö.E., 2009., Cladocerans of an urbanized harbour:
Effects of environmental parameters on vertical distribution, occurrence, abundance, and seasonal variation. Crustaceana. 82: 543-554. doi: 10.1163/156854009X407669
Clarke, K. R., Warwick, R. M., 2001., Change in marine communities: An approach to istatistical analysis and interpretation. 2nd edt. (PRIMER-E, Plymouth).
Della Croce, N., Venugopal, P., 1972., Distrubution of marine cladocerans in the Indian ocean. Marine Biology., 15: 132-138. doi: 10.1007/BF00353641
Dussart, B.H., Defaye, D. 1995., Introduction to the Copepoda. Guides to the Identification of the Microinvertebrates of the Continental Waters of the World. Vol. 7. (Coordinating editor: H. J. F. Dumont) 277 pp.
Gubanova, A. D., 2000., Occurrence of Acartia tonsa Dana in the Black Sea. Was it introduced from the Mediterranean?, Mediterranean Marine Science, 1(1):105-109. doi: 10.12681/mms.281
Gubanova, A.D., I. Yu. Prusova, U. Niermann, N.V. Shadrin, I.G.Polikarpov., 2001., Dramatic change in the copepod community in Sevastopol Bay (Black Sea) during two decades (1976-1996). Senckenbergiana Maritima, 31(1):17-27. doi: 10.1007/BF03042833
Gündüz, E.,1984., Identification of the zooplankton species in the Karamık and Hoyran lakes and the effect of contamination on zooplankton (ın Turkish), Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 83s.
Hecky, R.E., Kilham, P., 1973., Diatoms in alkaline, saline lakes: ecology and geochemical implications. Limnology and Oceanography. 18:53-71.
Isari, S., Psarra, S., Pitta P., Mara, P., Tomprou, M.O., Ramfos, A., Somarakis, S., Tselepides, A., Koutsikopoulos, C., Fragopoulu, N., 2007., Differential patterns of mesozooplankters' distribution in relation to physical and biological variables of the northeastren Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean), Marine Biology, 151: 1035-1050. doi: 10.1007/s00227-006-0542-7
Lagler, K.F., 1956., Freshwater Biology. W.M.C. Brown Company, Publishers Dubuque, Iowa Marazzo, A., Valentin J.L., 2000., Spatial and temporal variations of Penilia avirostris and Evadne tergestina (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in a tropical bay, Brazil. Hydrobiologia 445:133-139. doi: 10.1023/A:1017592323388
Mikschi, E., 1989., Rotifer distributions in relation to temperature and oxygen content. Hydrobiologia. 186/187: 209-214. doi: 10.1007/BF00048914 Moss, B., 1988., Ecology of Freshwater: Man and Medium, Blackwell scientific publications, pp. 223-235.
Neumann- Leitão, S.; Gusmão, L. M.; Silva, T.; Nascimento- Viaira, D. A., Silva, A. P., 1999., Mesozooplankton biomass and diversity in coastal and ocanic waters off North-Eastern Brazil. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research. 47(23): 153-165.
Niermann, U., Bingel, F., Ergün, G., Greve, W., 1998., Fluctuation of dominant mesozooplankton species in the Black Sea, North Sea and Baltic Sea: Is a general trend recognisable?, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 22:63-81
Özel, İ., 2000., Planktonoloji 1, Plankton Ekolojisi ve Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları, 271 pp.
Rose, M., 1933., Copepodes Pelagiques. Fauna du France, 26, 374 pp. Sever, T.M., 1997., Determination of the Aegean Sea pelagic kopepods and qualitative and quantitative distribution of important species (in Turkish with English abstract). Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 105 s.
Shiganova, T., 2005., Changes in appendicularian Oikopleura dioica abundance caused by invasion of alien ctenophores in the Black Sea, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85:477-494.
Tarkan, A.N., İşinibilir, M., Tarkan, A.S., 2005., Seasonal variations of the zooplankton composition and abundance in the İstanbul Strait. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 8(9): 1327-1336.
Ter Braak, C.J.F., 1986., Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eingenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology, 67:1167-1179.
Yılmaz, İ.N., 2008., Zooplankton dynamics of the Sea of Marmara (in Turkish with English abstract). Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Deniz Bilimleri ve İşletmeciliği Enstitüsü, 106 s.
http://www. Samsun.gov.tr/ (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Ağustos 2013)