Effects of 2-Phenoxyethanol on cuttlefish Sepia officinalis L. (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae)

Sepia officinalis üzerine 2-fenoksietanolün (2-PhOH) etkisi incelenmiştir. 2-PhOH’ün farklı dozları (0,10; 0,15; 0,20; 0,25 ve 0,30 ml/L) 15 litrelik şeffaf cam akvaryumun içinde bulunan ve sürekli havalandırılan 10 litre deniz suyunda (pH 7,68; O 2 6,8 mg/L; sıcaklık 19,7°C ve tuzluluk ‰37) çözündürülmüştür. 2-PhOH uygulamalarından sonra sübyeler hemen içinde 450 litre iyi havalandırılmış deniz suyu bulunan polyester ayıltma tanklarına nakledilmiştir, burada 48 saat boyunca ölüm olup olmayacağı gözlenmiştir. Ortalama vücut ağırlığı 224,46 ± 56,20 gr (n=30) olan sübyelerden her deneme grubu için tek tek olacak şekilde 6 birey kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, 0,10 ml/L 2-PhOH konsantrasyonunda ne anestetik etki nede ölüm gözlenmiştir, ama 0,15 ile 0,30 ml/L 2-PhOH konsantrasyonlarında %50’nin üzerinde ölüm olmuştur. Yaşama yüzdeleri 0,10 ml/L için %100, 0,15 ve 0,20 ml için %33,3 ve 0,25 ve 0,30 ml/L için %16,7 olarak hesaplanmıştır (P

2-Fenoksietanolün sübye Sepia officinalis L. üzerine etkisi

Effects of 2-Phenoxyethanol (2-PhOH) on cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (L.) were investigated. The five concentrations (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 ml/L) of 2-PhOH were dissolved directly into 15 L transparency glass aquarium containing of 10 L continuously aerated seawater (pH 7.68, O2 6.8 mg/l, salinity 37‰ at 19.7°C). After 2-PhOH treatments, the cuttlefishes were transferred immediately to a polyester recovery tank with 450 L of well-aerated seawater, where they were observed in 48-h due to any mortality. Six cuttlefishes, the mean body weight was 224.46 ± 56.20 g (n=30) were used individually in each experiment. According to the present results, at 0.1 ml/L of 2-PhOH level neither anesthetic effects nor mortality occurred on the cuttlefish, but more than 50% mortality occurred between 0.15 and 0.30 ml/L of 2-PhOH concentrations. The percentages of survival were 100% for 0.10 ml/L, 33.3% for 0.15 and 0.20 ml/L, and 16.7% for 0.25 and 0.30 ml/L of 2-PhOH concentrations (P<0.05). The reminders recovered within 5 minutes and survived over 48 hours. Finally, the current study demonstrated that 2-PhOH could not be recommended for S. officinalis due to its inefficiency and toxicity.

PDF

___

Basaran, F., Şen, H., Karabulut, Ş., 2007. Effects of 2-phenoxyethanol on survival of normal juveniles and malformed juveniles having lordosis or nonfunctional swimbladders of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758). Aquaculture Research, 38: 933-939, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01753.x.
Boletzky, S.V., Hanlon, R.T., 1983. A Review of the Laboratory Maintenance, Rearing and Culture of Cephalopod Molluscs. Memories of the Natural Museum of Victoria, 44: 147–187.
Domingues, P., Kingston, T., Sykes, A., Andrade, J., 2001a. Growth of young cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) at the upper end of the biological distribution temperature range. Aquaculture Research, 32: 923–930, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00631.x.
Domingues, P., Sykes, A., Andrade, J., 2001b. The use of Artemia or mysids as food for hatchlings of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis Linnaeus, 1758; effects on growth and survival throughout the life cycle. Aquaculture International, 9: 319–331, doi: 10.1023/A:1020416811568.
Domingues, P., Sykes, A., Andrade, J., 2002. The effects of temperature in the life cycle of two consecutive generations of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), cultured in the Algarve (South Portugal). Aquaculture International, 10: 207–220, doi: 10.1023/A:1022148802078.
Domingues, P., Poirier, R., Dickel, L., Almansa, E., Sykes, A., Andrade, P., 2003a. Effects of culture density and live prey on growth and survival of juvenile cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. Aquaculture International, 11: 225– 242, doi: 10.1023/A:1024803802486.
Domingues, P., Sykes, A., Summerfield, A., Almansa, E., Lorenzo, A., Andrade, J., 2003b. Effects of feeding live or frozen prey on growth, survival and the life cycle of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Aquaculture International, 11: 397–410, doi: 10.1023/B:AQUI.0000004195.92236.3a.
Domingues, P., DiMarco, F., Andrade, J., Lee, P., 2005. The effects of diets with amino acid supplementation on the survival, growth and body composition of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Aquaculture International, 13(5): 423–440, doi: 10.1007/s10499-005-6978-9.
Domingues, P.M., Bettencourt, V., Guerra, A., 2006. Growth of Sepia officinalis in captivity and in nature. Vie et Milieu, 56:109–120.
Forsythe, J., DeRusha, R., Hanlon, R.T., 1994. Growth, reproduction and life span of Sepia officinalis (Cephalopoda: Mollusca) cultured through seven consecutive generations. Journal Zoology of London, 233: 175–192. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb08582.x
Gewick, L., Demers, N.E,, Bayne, C.J., 1999. Modulation of stress hormones in rainbow trout by means of anaesthesia, sensory deprivation and receptor blockade. Comperative Biochemistry and Physiology A, 124: 329-334. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(99)00126-9
Guilderhus, P.A., Marking, L.L., 1987. Comparative efficacy of 16 anaesthetic chemicals in rainbow trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 7: 288-292. doi: 10.1577/1548-8659(1987)7_____288:CEOACO>2.0.CO;2
Jolley, D.W., Mawdesley-Thomas, L.E., Bucke, D., 1972. Anaesthesia of fish. Veterinary Record, 91: 424-426. doi: 10.1136/vr.91.18.424
Josa, A., Espinosa, E., Cruz, J.I., Gil, L., Falceto, M.V., Lozano, R., 1992. Use of 2-Phenoxyethanol as an anaesthetic agent in goldfish (Cyprinus carpio). Research in Veterinary Science, 53: 139.
Hseu, J.R., Yeh, S.L., Chu, Y.T., Ting, Y.Y., 1996. Influence of the anaesthetic, 2-Phenoxyethanol, on haematological parameters of black porgy Acanthopargus schlegeli. Journal of Taiwan Fisheries Research, 4: 127-132.
Hseu, J.R., Yeh, S.L., Chu, Y.T., Ting, Y.Y., 1997. Different anaesthetic effects of 2-Phenoxyethanol on four species of teleost. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 24: 185-191.
Hseu, J.R., Yeh, S.L., Chu, Y.T., Ting, Y.Y., 1998. Comparison of efficacy of five anaesthetics in goldlined sea bream, Sparus sarba. Acta Zoologica Taiwanica, 9: 35-41
Kaminski, R., Myszkowski, L., Wolnicki, J., 2001. Response to 2- phenoxyethanol in juvenile Vimba vimba (L.). Archives of Polish Fisheries, 9: 71-78.
Kreiberg, H., Powell, J., 1991. Metomidate sedation reduces handling stress in Chinook salmon. Journal of World Aquaculture, 24: 58-59.
Le Bras, Y.M., 1982. Effects of anaesthesia and surgery on level of adrenaline and noradrenaline in blood plasma of the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). Comperative Biochemistry and Physiology C,72: 141-144. doi: 10.1016/0306-4492(82)90221-0
Lee, P., Turk, P., Forsythe, J., DiMarco, F., 1998. Cephalopod culture: physiological, behavioural and environmental requirements. Suisan, 46(3): 417–422.
Maršić-Lučić, J., Mladineo, I., Tudor, M., 2005. Comparative effectiveness of 2-Phenoxyethanol and Propiscin as anaesthetics for juvenile se bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. Aquaculture International, 13: 543-553, doi: 10.1007/s10499-005-9005-2.
Mattson, N.S., Riple, T.H., 1989. Metomidate, a better anaesthetic for cod (Gadus morhua) in comparison with benzocaine, MS-222, chlorobutanol, and phenoxyethanol. Aquaculture, 83: 89-94. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(89)90063-X
Maylonas, C.C., Cardinaletti, G., Sigelaki, I., Polzonetti-Magni, A., 2005. Comparative efficacy of clove oil and 2-Phenoxyethanol as anaesthetics in the aquaculture of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at different temperatures. Aquaculture, 246: 467-481, doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.02.046.
Messenger, J.B., Nixon, M., Ryan, K.P., 1985. Magnesium chloride as an anaesthetic for cephalopods. Comperative Biochemistry and Physiology C, 82: 203-205. doi: 10.1016/0742-8413(85)90230-0
O’Dor, R.K., Durward, R.D., Balch, N., 1977. Maintenance and maturation of squid (Illex illecebrasus) in a 15 meter circular pool. Biological Bullettin, 153: 322-335. doi: 10.2307/1540438
Ortuño, J., Esteban, M.A., Meseguer, J., 2002. Effects of phenoxyethanol on the innate immune system of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) exposed to crowding stress. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 89: 29-36. doi: 10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00183-6
Pucéat, M., Garin, D., Fréminet, A., 1989. Inhibitory effects of anaesthesia with 2-Phenoxyethanol as compared to MS-222 on glucose release in isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (Salmo gardneri). Journal of Comperative Biochemistry and Physiology, 94: 221-224. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(89)90539-2
Pascual, E., 1978. Crecimiento y alimentacion de tres generaciones de Sepia officinalis en cultivo. Investigacion Pesquera, 42 (2): 421–442.
Richard, A., 1971. Contribution a` l’e ́tude expe ́rimentale de la croissance et de la maturation sexuelle de Sepia officinalis L. (Mollusque, Ce ́phalopode). Univ. Lille, France.
Roper, C.F.E., Sweeney, M.J., Nauen, C.E., 1984. F.A.O. Species Catalogue, Cephalopods of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Species of Interest to Fisheries, in F.A.O. Fisheries Synopsis, 1–277.
Ross, L.G., Ross, B., 1999. Anaesthetic and Sedative Techniques for Aquatic Animals. London, Blackwell Science Ltd.
Small, B.C., 2003. Anaesthetic efficacy of metomidate and comparison of plasma cortisol responses to tricaine methanesulphonate, quinaldine and clove oil anaesthetized channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Aquaculture, 218: 177-185. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00302-2
Seol DW, Jinhwan L, Soo-Yeon I, In-Seok P., 2007. Clove oil anaesthetic fo common octopus (Octopus minor, Sasaki). Aquaculture Research, 38: 45-49, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01622.x.
Summerfelt, R.C., Smith, L.S., 1990. Anaesthesia, surgery, and related techniques. In: Schreck CB, Moyle PB eds. Methods for Fisher Biology. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda pp. 213-272.
Sykes, A., Domingues, P.M., Correia, M., Andrade, J.P., 2006. Cuttlefish culture – State of the art and future trends. Vie et Milieu; 56: 129–137.
Şen, H., 2009. Kontrollü Koşullarda Sübye (Sepia officinalis L.)’nin Yumurtlaması, Yumurtaların Gelişimi ve İnkübasyonu.. Journal of Fisheriessciences.com, 3(3): 169-180, doi: 10.3153/jfscom.2009021.
Şen, H., Tanrıkul, T., 2009. Efficacy of 2-phenoxyethanol as an anaesthetic for the musky octopus, Eledone moschata (Lamarck 1799), (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae). Turk Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 33(6): 463-467.
Tsantilas, H., Galatos, A.D., Athanassopoulou, F., Prassinos, N.N., Kousoulaki, K., 2006. Efficacy of 2-Phenoxyethanol as an anaesthetic for two size classes of white sea bream, Diplodus sargus L., and sharp snout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo C. Aquaculture, 253: 64-70 doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.034.
Weyl, O., Kaiser, H., Hecht, T., 1996. On the efficacy and mode of action of 2- Phenoxyethanol as an anaesthetic for goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), at different temperatures and concentrations. Aquaculture Research, 27: 757-764.