Ferhat Can ÖZKAYA, CEM ERDOĞAN, Muhammet ALTUNOK

Denizel biyoaktif bileşikler

Yüzlerce yıl boyunca yeni ilaçların temelini doğal ürünler ve bunlardan elde edilmiş bileşikler oluşturmuştur. Sekonder metabolitler olarak adlandırılan bu bileşikler doğada organizmalar tarafından düşmanlarından korunma amacıyla üretilmektedir. Son yıllarda benzer metabolitlerin izole edilmesi ve ayrıca sentetik üretimin yüksek tarama olanakları sunmasının da etkisiyle doğal ürünlere yönelik ilaç araştırmaları oldukça azalmıştır. Bununla birlikte çeşitli patojenlerin hastanelerde ve toplumda dirençli suşlar geliştirmesi giderek daha yaygınlaşmaktadır. Yeni hastalıklar yeni ilaçların keşfini zorunlu hale getirirken, bütün bunlarla mücadele için gerekli olan yeni antimikrobiyallerin geliştirilmesinde ilerleme yavaş olmaktadır. Bu nedenle özellikle sağlık alanındaki bu ve benzeri problemler cytarabine (Ara-c), vidarabine (Vira-A1) ve salinosporamide A gibi yeni küçük molekül yapılı bileşiklerinin keşfinde öncelik olması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Yeni teknolojiler henüz araştırılmamış biyolojik kaynakların doğal ilaç keşiflerinde kullanılmasını sağlayan oldukça etkili akıllı tarama yöntemleri sunmaktadır. Özellikle hızlı genetik sekanslama ile birlikte biyosentetik yolakların manipulasyonundaki ilerlemeler yeni ilaçların keşfi için büyük bir kaynak sunabilecek potansiyele sahiptir. Teknolojideki bu ilerlemeler yeni ilaç keşfine ve doğal ürünlere olan ilginin tekrar artmasını da sağlamıştır. Bu derlemede, yeni bileşikler için son derece zengin bir kaynak sunarken aynı zamanda tedavi edici potansiyeli olabilecek denizel kimyasal çeşitliliği bir araya getiren denizel metabolitler üzerinde durulmuştur.

Marine bioactive compounds

Natural products and their derivate compounds have been underlined of new drugs along centuries. The compounds which are named secondary metabolites are produced by organisms against to predators in nature. Initially various terrestrial plants were investigated for achieve valuable drugs leads. Recent years, pharmaceutical research into natural products has declined on the grounds of isolation of similar metabolites and high-throughput screening of synthetic products. On the other hand, resistant strains of pathogens are increasingly prevalent in hospitals and in the community. New diseases is pressing need to develop new drugs, but progress in developing them has been slow. Therefore, particularly the emergence of health issues suggests that the discovery of new scaffolds such as cytarabine (Ara-c), vidarabine (Vira-A1) and salinosporamide A should be a priority. New technologies provide smart screening methods to discover new natural drugs from untapped biological resources. Especially advances in rapid genetic sequencing, coupled with manipulation of biosynthetic pathways, may provide a vast resource potential for the discovery of new pharmaceuticals. These technological advances encourage renewed interest in natural products and the natural drug discovery. In this review, we focused on marine metabolites also bring the marine chemical diversity up to its therapeutic potential, while it is offering an extremely rich resource for novel compounds.

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