Assessment of element concentrations in widely consumed cultured fish in Turkey

Balık çiftlikleri, insanların tüketmesi için yüksek miktarlarda besin üretmektedir. Fakat sucul ekosistemlerde ağır metal kirliliği, ciddi bir problem olabilir. Bu çalışmada, Aralık 2011 ve Ocak 2013 tarihleri arasında Kocaeli ilinde bulunan balık hallerinden alınan üç kültür balığı türünün (Oncoryhynicus mykiss (gökkuşağı alabalığı), Dicentrarchus labrax (levrek) ve Sparus aurata (çipura)), yenilebilir dokularında bulunan mikronütrient ve esansiyel olmayan element konsantrasyonları izlenmiştir. Ca, K, Mg, Na, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, ve Zn konsantrasyonları ICP-MS kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve bölge halkı için bu balıkların tüketimi sonucu bu elementlerin yıllık alım miktarları hesaplanmıştır. Balık kas dokusunda bulunan element konsantrasyonlarının hiç biri, Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü ve Türk Gıda Kodeksi tarafından belirlenen limitleri aşmamıştır. Hesaplanan element alım miktarları, bu çiftlik balıklarının insanlar tarafından tüketilmesinin risk oluşturmadığını göstermiştir. Temel bileşenler analizi, deniz çiftlik balıklarının kas dokusundaki elementlerin üç bileşen altında gruplanabileceğini göstermiştir.

Türkiye’de yaygın olarak tüketilen kültür balıklarında element konsantrasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi

Fish farms are able to produce high amount of quality food for human consumption. On the other hand, heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems can be a serious problem. In this study, some micronutrients and non-essential element concentrations in edible tissue of three cultured fish species, (Oncoryhynicus mykiss (rainbow trout), Dicentrarchus labrax (seabass) and Sparus aurata (seabream)) which were taken from primary fish markets of Kocaeli province between December 2011 and January 2013 were monitored. Concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, Na, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn were analyzed using ICP-MS and annual intakes of these elements via consumption of fish were calculated for inhabitants. None of the element concentrations in the fish muscle tissue exceeded the threshold levels which were suggested by Food and Agriculture Organization and by the Turkish Food Codex and based on calculated element intake rates, there were no risk for humans to consume these farm fishes. Principal Component Analysis reveals that elements can be grouped under three components in cultured marine fish muscle tissue.

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