Bilgisayar Kullanımı İle İlişkili Boyun ve Üst Ekstremite Rahatsızlıkları

Bilgisayarlar iletişim ve teknolojik açıdan sağlıksistemlerini geliştirmek için kullanılıyor olsa da,bilgisayar kullanımı ile ilişkili sağlık sorunlarına daneden olabilmektedir. Son yıllarda çalışma ortamlarıbilgisayarların yoğun kullanımı nedeniyle büyükölçüde değişmiş durumdadır. Bu durum da moderntoplumlarda boyun ve üst ekstremitelerde bilgisayarkullanımına bağlı kas-iskelet yakınmalarının artışınaneden olmaktadır. Araştırmacılara göre; ağrı verahatsızlıklar yalnızca boyun, omuz ve sırtbölgelerinde değil, ellerde, parmaklarda vedirseklerde de olabilmektedir. Kas iskelet sorunlarınınortaya çıkma riskinin bilgisayar başında geçirilenzamana bağlı olarak artabileceği gösterilmiştir.Günlük yaşamda orta düzeyden şiddetliye kadarvarabilen kas iskelet belirtileri genellikle 2 saattendaha fazla bilgisayar başında oturmaktankaynaklanmaktadır. Koruyucu yaklaşımlarkapsamında konu ile ilgili farkındalığın artırılması, kasiskelet sistemi için gerekli refah ve konforununsağlanması, eğitim, ergonomik çalışma ortamlarınınoluşturulması ve iş yükünün optimal düzeyeayarlanması yer almaktadır. Ayrıca çalışanlardadüzgün postürün korunması, sağlıklı çalışmaortamlarının oluşturulması da özellikle çalışmalarındaha kolay ve tolere edilebilir boyutta olabilmesi içinönerilmektedir.

Cervical and Upper Extremity Problems Related to Computer Use

Although communication and technology are beingused to improve health care systems, there are alsohealth hazards associated with the use ofcomputers. In recent years, intense use ofcomputers has changed the work environmentdrastically and consequently, computer work-relatedmusculoskeletal complaints in the neck and upperextremities are more common in modern societies.According to the researchers, computer use inducespain and discomfort not only in the neck-shoulderand back regions, but also in the hands, fingers andelbows. It has been shown that, the risk ofdeveloping musculoskeletal pain becomes greaterwith an increase in the amount of time spent oncomputer. In everyday life, the musculoskeletalsymptoms causing moderate-to-severe pain usuallyderive from the use of computer 2 hours or more aday. The preventive measures should include theawareness about the problem, promoting well-beingand comfort for musculoskeletal system, education,improving ergonomics in work environment andworkload optimization at the workplace. Besides,proper working posture should be maintained,healthy working conditions must be provided, whichwould make the work easier and more tolerable.

___

  • 1. Halacy, D.S., Charles Babbage, father of the computer. Crowell-Collier Press, New York 1970, 170
  • 2. Delisle, A., et al., Comparison of three computer office workstations offering forearm support: impact on upper limb posture and muscle activation. Ergonomics, 2006. 49(2):139-60.
  • 3. Gerr, F., M. Marcus, and C. Monteilh, Epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders among computer users: lesson learned from the role of posture and keyboard use. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2004. 14(1): 25-31.
  • 4. Kaliniene, G., et al., Associations between musculoskeletal pain and work-related factors among public service sector computer workers in Kaunas County, Lithuania. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2016. 17(1): 420.
  • 5. Waersted, M., T.N. Hanvold, and K.B. Veiersted, Computer work and musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and upper extremity: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2010. 11:79.
  • 6. Andersen, J.H., et al., Risk factors for neck and upper extremity disorders among computers users and the effect of interventions: an overview of systematic reviews. PLoS One, 2011. 6(5): e19691.
  • 7. Oha, K., et al., Individual and work-related risk factors for musculoskeletal pain: a cross-sectional study among Estonian computer users. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2014. 15:181.
  • 8. Wu, S., et al., Visual display terminal use increases the prevalence and risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Chinese office workers: a cross-sectional study. J Occup Health, 2012. 54(1): 34-43.
  • 9. Moom, R.K., L.P. Sing, and N. Moom, Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorder among Computer Bank Office Employees in Punjab (India): A Case Study. Procedia Manufacturing, 2015. 3: 6624-31.
  • 10. Lassen, C.F., et al., Elbow and wrist/hand symptoms among 6,943 computer operators: a 1-year follow-up study (the NUDATA study). Am J Ind Med, 2004. 46(5): 521-33.
  • 11. Marcus, M., et al., A prospective study of computer users: II. Postural risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders. Am J Ind Med, 2002. 41(4): 236-49.
  • 12. Rempel, D.M., et al., A randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of two workstation interventions on upper body pain and incident musculoskeletal disorders among computer operators. Occup Environ Med, 2006. 63(5):300-6.
  • 13. Brandt, L.P.A., et al., Neck and shoulder symptoms and disorders among Danish computer workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 2004. 30(5):399-409.
  • 14. Arvidsson, I., A. Axmon, and S. Skerfving, Follow-up study of musculoskeletal disorders 20 months after the introduction of a mouse-based computer system. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 2008. 34(5): 374-80.
  • 15. Shiri, R. and K. Falah-Hassani, Computer use and carpal tunnel syndrome: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci, 2015. 349(1-2):15-9.
  • 16. Andersen, J.H., et al., Computer use and carpal tunnel syndrome: a 1-year follow-up study. Jama, 2003. 289(22): 2963-9.
  • 17. Nicolakakis N, Stock SR, Abrahamowicz M, Kline R, Messing K. Relations between work and upper extremity musculoskeletal problems (UEMSP) and the moderating role of psychosocial work factors on the relation between computer work and UEMSP. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2017 Jun 23. doi: 10.1007/s00420-017- 1236-9. [Epub ahead of print].
  • 18. Taib MF, Bahn S, Yun MH.The effect of psychosocial stress on muscle activity during computer work: Comparative study between desktop computer and mobile computing products. Work. 2016 Jun 27;54(3):543-55. doi: 10.3233/WOR-162334.