NEOLİBERAL DÖNEMDE ULUSLARARASI FUTBOLCU HAREKETLİLİĞİ

Yirminci yüzyılın son çeyreğinde futbolun ekonomik küreselleşmesi hızlanmıştır. Futbolun neoliberal dönemi olarak adlandırılabilecek bu süreçte futbolun ticari yönü artmış, televizyon yayın haklarının etkisiyle futbol ekonomisi büyümüş, uluslararası yatırımlar artmış ve kulüpler birer markaya dönüşmüştür. Bu neoliberal dönemin en önemli unsurlarından biri de emek hareketliliğinin önündeki engellerin kaldırılması olmuştur. Bosman Kararları başta olmak üzere bu engellerin kaldırılması neoliberal küreselleşme sürecinde nitelikli emeğin hareketliliğini tartışılır hale getirmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki amaç da neoliberal dönemde futbol ekonomisinde yaşanan değişimi açıklamak ve emek piyasasındaki serbestleşmenin uluslararası futbolcu hareketliliğini nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymaktır. Futbolcu hareketliliğindeki değişimi göstermek için ise erkek milli takım kadroları incelenmiştir. Verilere göre serbestleşme sonrası, seçkin futbolcular, Avrupa'nın beş büyük ligi olan İngiltere, İspanya, Almanya, İtalya ve Fransa'ya yönelmiştir. Bu hareketlilik, neoliberal küreselleşme ve tekelleşme ilişkisini futbol ekonomisinde de tartışma konusu haline getirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bosman, emek, futbol, küreselleşme

INTERNATIONAL FOOTBALL MOBILITY IN NEOLİBERAL ERA

The economic globalization of football accelerated in the last quarter of the twentieth century. In this process which can be called as the neoliberal period of football, commercial aspect of football has increased, football economy has grown due to the effects of television broadcasting rights, international investments have increased and the clubs have become a brand. One of the most important elements of this neoliberal era was the removal of obstacles in front of labour mobility. The abolition of these obstacles, especially Bosman Rules, made the mobility of skilled labor questionable in the process of neoliberal globalization. The aim of this study is to explain the change in football economy in the neoliberal period and to determine how the liberalization of the labour market affected international football mobility. In order to show the change of international football mobility, male national team squads were examined. According to the data, after the liberalization, the elite players have migrated to the five major leagues in Europe; England, Spain, Germany, Italy and France. This mobility makes the relationship between neoliberal globalization and monopoly a debate topic in the football economy.

Keywords:

Bosman, football, globalization, labour,

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