Olgun Can ALTUNKAN, Deniz DURDUBAŞ, Ziya KORUÇ

34932

ÖZ-Öz-Seçim Müziğin Kuvvette Devamlılık ve Algılanan Zorluk Derecesi Üzerine Etkisi

Müzik, profesyonel ya da rekreatif olarak egzersiz yapan bireyler tarafından sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Buna karşın, farklı egzersiz türlerinde müziğin performansa etkisine ilişkin çalışmaların sayısı sınırlıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, izokinetik dinamometrede 50 tekrarlı diz ekstansiyon ve fleksiyon hareketlerini içeren bir kuvvette devamlılık testinde, Öz-Seçim Müziğin (ÖSM) kuvvetle ilgili performans bileşenleri ve Algılanan Zorluk Derecesi (AZD) üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya 34 erkek katılımcı (Yaş x̄= 21.26±1.71 yıl, Boy x̄= 179.41±5.79 cm, Vücut Ağırlığı x̄= 77.70±9.03 kg) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılar, dengelenmiş çapraz araştırma desenine göre müzikli ve müziksiz olarak farklı zamanlarda iki kez testi tamamlamıştır. Katılımcıların AZD’leri testten hemen sonra Borg Skalası ile ölçülmüştür. Araştırmada kuvvetle ilgili performans bileşenleri olarak; Kuvvette Devamlılık (KD), Zirve Tork (ZT) ve Toplam İş (Tİ) değişkenleri incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizi için Bağımlı Gruplarda t-Testi ve testin parametrik olmayan karşılığı Wilcoxon Z-testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, dizde ekstansiyon hareketinde, KD [t(33)= 1.102; p= 0.27], ZT [t(33)= 1.02; p= 0.31] ve Tİ [t(33)= 0.956; p= 0.34] ölçümleri açısından, müzikli ve müziksiz koşullar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Dizde fleksiyon hareketi için ise, benzer şekilde KD (Z= -0.692; p= 0.48) ve Tİ (Z= -1.872; p= 0.06) değişkenleri için anlamlı fark görülmezken, ZT değerlerinde müzikli koşulda anlamlı fark (Z= -2.266; p= 0.02) olduğu görülmüştür. Son olarak, AZD değerleri açısından iki koşul arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır [t(33)= -0.549; p= 0.58]. Sonuç olarak, ÖSM kullanımının yüksek şiddetli bir egzersiz sırasında kassal performans parametreleri ve AZD üzerinde pozitif bir etkisi görülmemiştir. Ancak, fleksiyonda ZT’deki anlamlı artış, bu hareketten sorumlu hamstring kas grubunda, müziğin daha yüksek şiddette çalışma kapasitesi yarattığını ortaya koymuştur. Egzersiz sırasında ÖSM kullanımı, belirli kas gruplarının performansı üzerinde olumlu bir etki yaratabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

öz-seçim müzik, performans, kuvvette devamlılık, algılanan zorluk derecesi, egzersiz

Effects of Self-Selected Music on Strength Endurance and Rate of Perceived Exertion

Music is frequently used by individuals who exercise professionally or recreationally. However, the number of studies on the effect of music on performance in different exercise types is limited. This study aimed to examine the effects of Self-Selected Music (SSM) on strength-related performance components, and Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) in a strength endurance test, including 50-repetition knee extension and flexion movements on an isokinetic dynamometer. 34 male participants (Age x̄= 21,26±1,71 years, Height x̄= 179,41±5,79 cm, Body Weight x̄= 77.70±9.03 kg) voluntarily participated in this study. According to a balanced crossover study design, participants completed the test twice at different times, with SSM and without music (WM). Participants' RPE was measured with the Borg Scale immediately after the test. In the study, Strength Endurance (SE), Peak Torque (PT), and Total Work (TW) variables were examined as strength-related performance components for the evaluation of muscular performance. Paired-Samples t-Test and its non-parametric equivalent, Wilcoxon Z-Test, were used for data analysis. The results revealed that there was no significant difference between SSM and WM conditions in terms of knee extension movement measurements; SE [t(33)= 1.102; p= 0.27], PT [t(33)= 1.02; p= 0.31], and TW [t(33)= 0.956; p= 0.34]. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the flexion movement of the knee for the SE (Z= -0.692; p= 0.48), and TW (Z= -1.872; p= 0.06) variables, while the PT values (Z= -2.266; p= 0.02) were significantly different and higher in the SSM condition. Finally, there was no difference between the two conditions in terms of RPE values [t(33)= -0.549; p= 0.58]. In conclusion, the use of SSM did not have a positive effect on muscular performance parameters and RPE during a high-intensity exercise. However, the significant increase in PT in flexion revealed that music created higher intensity work capacity in the hamstring muscle group responsible for this movement. The use of SSM during exercise can have a positive effect on the performance of certain muscle groups.
Keywords:

self-selected music, performance, strength endurance, rate of perceived exertion, exercise,

PDF

___

  • 1- Ardıç, F. (2014). Egzersiz reçetesi. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 60(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5152/tftrd.2014.25665
  • 2- Ballmann, C. G., Maynard, D. J., Lafoon, Z. N., Marshall, M. R., Williams, T. D., ve Rogers, R. R. (2019). Effects of listening to preferred versus non-preferred music on repeated wingate anaerobic test performance. Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 7(8), 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7080185
  • 3- Ballmann, C. G., McCullum, M. J., Rogers, R. R., Marshall, M. R., ve Williams, T. D. (2021). Effects of preferred vs. nonpreferred music on resistance exercise performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(6), 1650-1655. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002981
  • 4- Bartolomei, S., Michele, R. D., ve Merni, F. (2015). Effects of self-selected music on maximal Bench Press strength and strength endurance. Perceptual And Motor Skills, 120(3):714-721. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.30.PMS.120v19x9
  • 5- Bernstein, A., Safirstein, J., ve Rosen, J. E. (2003). Athletic ergogenic aids. Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 61(3-4), 164-164.
  • 6- Biagini, M. S., Brown, L. E., Coburn, J. W., Judelson, D. A., Statler, T. A., Bottaro, M., Tran, T., ve Longo, N. A. (2012). Effects of self-selected music on strength, explosiveness, and mood. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(7), 1934-1938. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318237e7b3
  • 7- Bigliassi, M., Estanislau, C., Carneiro, J. G., Kanthack, T. F. D., ve Altimari, L. R. (2013). Music: A psychophysiological aid to physical exercise and sport. Archivos de Medicina del deporte, 30(5), 311-320.
  • 8- Bigliassi, M., León-Domínguez, U., Buzzachera, C. F., Barreto-Silva, V., ve Altimari, L. R. (2015). How does music aid 5 km of running?. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(2), 305-314. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000627
  • 9- Brockett, C. L., Morgan, D. L., ve Proske, U. (2001). Human hamstring muscles adapt to eccentric exercise by changing optimum length. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 33(5), 783–790. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105000-00017
  • 10- Brownley, K. A., McMurray, R. G., ve Hackney, A. C. (1995). Effects of music on physiological and affective responses to graded treadmill exercise in trained and untrained runners. International journal of psychophysiology, 19(3), 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(95)00007-f
  • 11- Borg, G. (1998). Borg's perceived exertion and pain scales. Human kinetics.
  • 12- Caruso, J. F., Brown, L. E., ve Tufano, J. J. (2012). The reproducibility of isokinetic dynamometry data. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 20(4), 239-253. DOI 10.3233/IES-2012-0477
  • 13- Chizewski, A. (2016). Effects of self-selected music on exercise enjoyment, duration, and intensity. [Yayımlanmamış Master Tezi].
  • 14- Clark, J. C., Baghurst, T., ve Redus, B. S. (2021). Self-selected motivational music on the performance and perceived exertion of runners. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(6), 1656-1661. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002984
  • 15- Coombs, R., ve Garbutt, G. (2002). Developments in the use of the hamstring/quadriceps ratio for the assessment of muscle balance. Journal of sports science & medicine, 1(3), 56.
  • 16- Davies, G. J., Heiderscheit, B., ve Brinks, K. (2000). Test interpretation. Isokinetics in human performance, 3(24), 13.
  • 17- Dyrlund, A. K., ve Wininger, S. R. (2008). The effects of music preference and exercise intensity on psychological variables. Journal of music therapy, 45(2), 114-134. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/45.2.114
  • 18- Eliakim, M., Meckel, Y., Nemet, D., ve Eliakim, A. (2007). The effect of music during warm-up on consecutive anaerobic performance in elite adolescent volleyball players. International journal of sports medicine, 28(04), 321-325. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924360
  • 19- Fair, O., ve Warren, B. (2016). The effect of music on isokinetic peak torque during performance in female collegiate athletes. Honors Program Theses, 17. https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/honors_program_theses/17
  • 20- Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Third edition.
  • 21- Godwin, M. M., Hopson, R. T., Newman, C. K., ve Leszczak, T. J. (2014). The effect of music as a motivational tool on isokinetic concentric performance in college aged students. International Journal of Exercise Science, 7(1), 7. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijes/vol7/iss1/7
  • 22- Guillén, F., ve Ruiz-Alfonso, Z. (2015). Influence of music on physical performance, perceived exertion and motivation. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de La Actividad Fisica y Del Deporte, 15(60), 701-717.
  • 23- Hagen, J., Foster, C., Rodríguez-Marroyo, J., De Koning, J. J., Mikat, R. P., Hendrix, C. R., ve Porcari, J. P. (2013). The effect of music on 10-km cycle time-trial performance. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 8(1), 104-106. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.1.104
  • 24- Hutchinson, J. C., Sherman, T., Davis, L., Cawthon, D., Reeder, N. B., ve Tenenbaum, G. (2011). The influence of asynchronous motivational music on a supramaximal exercise bout. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 42(2), 135-148.
  • 25- Karakuş, M. (2014). Sporcularda ergojenik destek. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 49(4), 155-167.
  • 26- Karageorghis, C. I., Drew, K. M., ve Terry, P. C. (1996). Effects of pretest stimulative and sedative music on grip strength. Perceptual and motor skills, 83(3_suppl), 1347-1352. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3f.1347
  • 27- Karageorghis, C. I., Mouzourides, D. A., Priest, D. L., Sasso, T. A., Morrish, D. J., ve Walley, C. L. (2009). Psychophysical and ergogenic effects of synchronous music during treadmill walking. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 31(1), 18-36. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.1.18
  • 28- Karageorghis, C. I., ve Priest, D. L. (2012). Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part I). International review of sport and exercise psychology, 5(1), 44-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.631026
  • 29- Karageorghis, C. I., ve Terry, P. C. (1997). The psychophysical effects of music in sport and exercise: A review. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20(1), 54-68.
  • 30- Köse, B. (2018). Does Motivational Music Influence Maximal Bench Press Strength and Strength Endurance?. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 4(3), 197-200. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.522.2018.43.197.200
  • 31- Lingham, J., ve Theorell, T. (2009). Self-selected “favourite” stimulative and sedative music listening–how does familiar and preferred music listening affect the body?. Nordic journal of music therapy, 18(2), 150-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098130903062363
  • 32- Mehr, S., A., Singh, M. Knox, Ketter, D., Pickens-Jones, D., Atwood, S., Lucas, C., Jacoby, N., Egner, A., Hopkins, E., Howard, R., Hartshorne, J., Jennings, M., Simson, J., Bainbridge, C., Pinker, S., O'Donnell, T., Krasnow, M., ve Glowacki, L. (2019). Universality and diversity in human song. Science (New York, N.Y.), 366(6468), eaax0868. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0868
  • 33- Mohammadzadeh, H., Tartibiyan, B., ve Ahmadi, A. (2008). The effects of music on the perceived exertion rate and performance of trained and untrained individuals during progressive exercise. Facta Universitatis-Series: Physical Education and Sport, 6(1), 67-74.
  • 34- Morishita, S., Tsubaki, A., Nakamura, M., Nashimoto, S., Fu, J. B., ve Onishi, H. (2019). Rating of perceived exertion on resistance training in elderly subjects. Expert review of cardiovascular therapy, 17(2), 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779072.2019.1561278
  • 35- Moss, S. L., Enright, K., ve Cushman, S. (2018). The influence of music genre on explosive power, repetitions to failure and mood responses during resistance exercise. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 37, 128-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.05.002
  • 36- Nakamura, P. M., Pereira, G., Papini, C. B., Nakamura, F. Y., ve Kokubun, E. (2010). Effects of preferred and nonpreferred music on continuous cycling exercise performance. Perceptual and motor skills, 110(1), 257-264. https://doi.org/10.2466/PMS.110.1.257-264
  • 37- Parraca, J. A., Adsuar, J. C., Domínguez-Muñoz, F. J., Barrios Fernandez, S., ve Tomas Carus, P. (2022). Test-Retest Reliability of Isokinetic Strength Measurements in Lower Limbs in Elderly. Biology, 11(6), 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11060802
  • 38- Perrin, D. H. (1986). Reliability of isokinetic measures. Athletic training, 21(4), 319-321.
  • 39- Potteiger, J. A., Schroeder, J. M., ve Goff, K. L. (2000). Influence of music on ratings of perceived exertion during 20 minutes of moderate intensity exercise. Perceptual and motor skills, 91(3), 848-854. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.91.3.848
  • 40- Scartelli, J. P. (1984). The effect of EMG biofeedback and sedative music, EMG biofeedback only, and sedative music only on frontalis muscle relaxation ability. Journal of Music Therapy, 21(2), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/21.2.67
  • 41- Shaulov, N., ve Lufi, D. (2009). Music and light during indoor cycling. Perceptual and motor skills, 108(2), 597-607. https://doi.org/10.2466/PMS.108.2.597-607
  • 42- Stark, T., Walker, B., Phillips, J. K., Fejer, R., ve Beck, R. (2011). Hand-held dynamometry correlation with the gold standard isokinetic dynamometry: a systematic review. PM&R, 3(5), 472-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.025
  • 43- Szmedra, L., ve Bacharach, D. W. (1998). Effect of music on perceived exertion, plasma lactate, norepinephrine and cardiovascular hemodynamics during treadmill running. International journal of sports medicine, 19(01), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971876
  • 44- Tate, A. R., Gennings, C., Hoffman, R. A., Strittmatter, A. P., ve Retchin, S. M. (2012). Effects of bone-conducted music on swimming performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 26(4), 982. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822dcdaf
  • 45- Terry, P. C., ve Karageorghis, C. I. (2006). Psychophysical effects of music in sport and exercise: An update on theory, research and application. In Proceedings of the 2006 Joint Conference of the Australian Psychological Society and New Zealand Psychological Society (sf. 415-419). Australian Psychological Society. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/id/eprint/4364
  • 46- Terry, P. C., Karageorghis, C. I., Curran, M. L., Martin, O. V., ve Parsons-Smith, R. L. (2020). Effects of music in exercise and sport: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(2), 91. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000216
  • 47- The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. (2021) Engaging with music: A global snapshot of music engagement in 2021, IFPI. https://www.ifpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/IFPI-Engaging-with-Music-report.pdf
  • 48- Thorstensson, A., ve Karlsson, J. (1976). Fatiguability and fibre composition of human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 98(3), 318-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb10316.x
  • 49- Tükenmez, M. (2018). Denge antrenmanlarının bocce raffa oyuncularında yaklaşma (punto) isabetlilik oranına ve denge koordinasyon üzerine etkisi (İstanbul Esenyurt İlçesi Örneği) (Master's thesis, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü). https://hdl.handle.net/11363/319
  • 50- van den Elzen, N., Daman, V., Duijkers, M., Otte, K., Wijnhoven, E., Timmerman, H., ve Olde Rikkert, M. (2019). The power of music: enhancing muscle strength in older people. Healthcare, 7(3), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7030082
  • 51- Waterhouse, J., Hudson, P., ve Edwards, B. (2010). Effects of music tempo upon submaximal cycling performance. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 20(4), 662-669. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00948.x
  • 52- Yamashita, S., Iwai, K., Akimoto, T., Sugawara, J., ve Kono, I. (2006). Effects of music during exercise on RPE, heart rate and the autonomic nervous system. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 46(3), 425-430.
Spor Bilimleri Dergisi-Cover
  • Başlangıç: 1990
  • Yayıncı: Süleyman BULUT
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Sporcu Bağlılık Ölçeği’nin 14-18 Yaş Arası Sporcularda Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Hamza Ali GÖKALP, Özden TEPEKÖYLÜ, Mümine SOYTÜRK

Kişilik Özelliklerinin Sporda Ahlaktan Uzaklaşma Davranışını Yordama Etkisi

Yasin ALTIN, Sena ALTIN

Wingate testinde anaerobik güç çıktıları: Cinsiyetin, yükün ve sürenin etkisi

Birgül ARSLAN, Ebru DOĞAN, Furkan ÖZTÜRK, Zübeyde ASLANKESER, Şükrü Serdar BALCI

ÖZ-Öz-Seçim Müziğin Kuvvette Devamlılık ve Algılanan Zorluk Derecesi Üzerine Etkisi

Olgun Can ALTUNKAN, Deniz DURDUBAŞ, Ziya KORUÇ