Bireysel Psikoloji’nin Maneviyatla İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması

Bireysel psikoloji, Alfred Adler tarafından geliştirilmiş ve psikoloji literatürüne hem teorik hem de pratik olarak önemli katkılar sağlamış bir teoridir. Maneviyat ise insan hayatında göz ardı edilemeyecek bir alandır. Bu makale, bireysel psikolojinin maneviyata yönelik bakış açısını, maneviyatla ilişkisini, manevi değerlendirmeleri nasıl yaptığını ve manevi/ dini yönelimli danışanlarla nasıl kullanılabileceğini içeren bir derleme çalışmasıdır. Derleme, hem Adler’in kendi metinlerini hem de onun teorik yönelimini benimseyen daha sonraki araştırmacıların makalelerini ele almaktadır. Bireysel psikoloji, her bireyi kendi fenomenolojik alanını dikkate alarak değerlendirmektedir. Bu nedenle danışma sürecinde danışanların manevi/dini boyutlarını göz ardı etmez ve maneviyatın bireylerin hayatında önemli bir yere sahip olduğunu kabul eder. Maneviyatın önemli bir başa çıkma mekanizması sağlarken iyilik, umut ve içgörüyü destekleyen bir yapıya sahip olduğu düşünüldüğünde, Adler’in teorisine maneviyatı dahil etmesi önemli görünmektedir. Makalede yer alan vaka örnekleri de bunu desteklemekte ve bireysel psikolojinin psikolojik danışma sürecinde maneviyatı nasıl ele aldığını ve değerlendirdiğini genel hatlarıyla ortaya koymaktadır.

A Review of the Relationship Between Individual Psychology and Spirituality

Individual psychology is a theory developed by Alfred Adler that significantly contributed to the psychology literature both in theory and practice. Spirituality, on the other hand, is an area that cannot be ignored in human life. This article reviews the perspective of individual psychology on spirituality, its relationship with spirituality, how it makes spiritual assessments, and how it can be used with clients with a spiritual/ religious orientation. The review considers both Adler’s own texts and articles by later researchers who adopted his theoretical orientation. Individual psychology evaluates each individual by considering their own phenomenological field. It therefore does not ignore clients’ spiritual/religious dimensions in the counseling process and accepts that spirituality has an important place in the life of individuals. Given that spirituality has a structure that supports well-being, hope, and insight while providing an important coping mechanism, Adler’s inclusion of spirituality in his theory is clearly important. The case examples included in the article also support this and reveal in general terms how individual psychology handles and assesses spirituality during counseling.

PDF

___

Abu-Rayya, M. H., & Abu-Rayya, H. M. (2009). Ethnic identification, religious identity, and psychological well-being among Muslim and Christian Palestinians in Israel. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 12(2), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670802387330
Adler, A. (2001). Yaşama sanatı (K. Şipal, Çev.). Say Yayınları.
Adler, A. (2009). Sosyal duygunun gelişiminde bireysel psikoloji (H. Özgü, Çev.). Hayat Yayınları.
Adler, A. (2012). Yaşamın anlam ve amacı (K. Şipal, Çev.). Say Yayınları.
Alizadeh, H. (2012). Individual psychology and Islam: An exploration of social interest. Journal of Individual Psychology, 68(3).
Ansbacher, H. L., & Ansbacher, R. R. (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler. New York Basic Books.
Craig, S. (2006). Exploration of Adolescent and Adult Spirituality Through Early Memories: An Adlerian Psychological Perspective. In K. B. Helmeke, C. F. Sori (Ed.), The therapist’s notebook for integrating spirituality in counseling II (pp. 27-35). Taylor and Francis.
Davis, R. F., & Kiang, L. (2016). Religious identity, religious participation, and psychological well- being in Asian American adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(3), 532-546. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0350-9
Delgado, C. (2005). A discussion of the concept of spirituality. Nursing Science Quarterly, 18(2), 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0894318405274828
Duba Sauerheber, J., & Bitter, J. R. (2013). An adlerian approach in premarital counseling with religious couples. Journal of Individual Psychology, 69(4), 305-327.
Giordano, A. L., Prosek, E. A., & Lankford, C. T. (2014). Predicting empathy: The role of religion and spirituality. Journal of Professional Counseling: Practice, Theory & Research, 41(2), 53- 66. https://doi.org/10.1080/15566382.2014.12033938
Gladding, S. T. (2022). Theories of counseling. Rowman & Littlefield.
Greenway, K. A. (2006). The role of spirituality in purpose in life and academic engagement. Journal of College and Character, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1212
Hadislerle İslam (2013). Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları.
Hintikka, J., Koskela, K., Kontula, O., & Viinamaki, H. (2000). Gender differences in associations between religious attendance and mental health in Finland. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188(11), 772-776. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200011000-00008
Horozcu, Ü. (2010). Tecrübî araştırmalar ışığında dindarlık ve maneviyat ile ruhsal ve bedensel sağlık arasındaki ilişki. Milel ve Nihal, 7(1), 209-240.
Huber, J. T., & MacDonald, D. A. (2012). An investigation of the relations between altruism, empathy, and spirituality. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 52(2), 206-221. https://doi. org/10.1177%2F0022167811399442
Johansen, T. A. (2009). Religion and spirituality in psychotherapy: An individual psychology perspective. Springer.
Johansen, T. M. (2005). Applying individual psychology to work with clients of the Islamic faith. Journal of Individual Psychology, 61(2).
Kasapoğlu, F. (2022). The relationship among spirituality, self-efficacy, covid-19 anxiety, and hopelessness during the covid-19 process in Turkey: A Path Analysis. Journal of Religion and Health, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01472-7
Keyes, C. L., & Reitzes, D. C. (2007). The role of religious identity in the mental health of older working and retired adults. Aging and Mental Health, 11(4), 434-443. https://doi. org/10.1080/13607860601086371
Kim, E. S., Chen, Y., Nakamura, J. S., Ryff, C. D., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2022). Sense of purpose in life and subsequent physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health: an outcome- wide approach. American Journal of Health Promotion, 36(1), 137-147. https://doi. org/10.1177%2F08901171211038545
Kim, E. S., Shiba, K., Boehm, J. K., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2020). Sense of purpose in life and five health behaviors in older adults. Preventive Medicine, 139, 106172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ypmed.2020.106172
Kimball, C. N., Boyatzis, C. J., Cook, K. V., Leonard, K. C., & Flanagan, K. S. (2013). Attachment to God: A qualitative exploration of emerging adults’ spiritual relationship with God. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 41(3), 175-188. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F009164711304100301
Koohsar, A. A. H., & Bonab, B. G. (2011). Relation between quality of image of God and mental health in college students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 247-251. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.233
Kur’an-ı Kerim Meali. (çev. H. Altuntaş ve M. Şahin). (12. Baskı, 2011). Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları.
Leman, J., Hunter III, W., Fergus, T., & Rowatt, W. (2018). Secure attachment to God uniquely linked to psychological health in a national, random sample of American adults. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 28(3), 162-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.201 8.1477401
Linden, G. W. (2020). The fourth and fifth life tasks as existential challenges. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 76(1), 59-69.
Mosak, H. H., & Dreikurs, R. (1967). The life tasks: III. The fifth life task. Individual Psychology, 5(1), 16-22.
Oberst, U. E., & Stewart, A. E. (2014). Adlerian psychotherapy: An advanced approach to individual psychology. Routledge.
O’Connell, W. E. (1972). Frankl, Adler, and spirituality. Journal of Religion and Health, 11(2), 134- 138. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01533215
Online Etymology Dictionary. (n.d.). Individual (adj.). Retrieved May 28, 2022, from https://www. etymonline.com/word/individual.
Overholser, J. C. (2022). Respecting the ideas and ideals proposed by Alfred Adler: A personal and professional journey. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 78(1), 70-79.
Pirutinsky, S., Rosmarin, D. H., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2019). Is attachment to God a unique predictor of mental health? Test in a Jewish sample. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 29(3), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2019.1565249
Polanski, P. J. (2002). Exploring spiritual beliefs in relation to Adlerian theory. Counseling and Values, 46(2), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007X.2002.tb00283.x
Reker, G. T., Peacock, E. J., & Wong, P. T. (1987). Meaning and purpose in life and well-being: A life- span perspective. Journal of Gerontology, 42(1), 44-49. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/42.1.44
Sharf, R. S. (2011). Theories of psychotherapy ve counseling: Concepts and cases. Cengage Learning.
Silton, N. R., Flannelly, K. J., Galek, K., & Ellison, C. G. (2014). Beliefs about God and mental health among American adults. Journal of Religion and Health, 53(5), 1285-1296. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10943-013-9712-3
Sommers-Flanagan, J., & Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2004). Counseling and psychotherapy theories in context and practice. John Wiley ve Sons.
Strawbridge, W. J., Shema, S. J., Cohen, R. D., & Kaplan, G. A. (2001). Religious attendance increases survival by improving and maintaining good health behaviors, mental health, and social relationships. Annals of Behavioral medicine, 23(1), 68-74. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324796ABM2301_10
Tung, E. S., Ruffing, E. G., Paine, D. R., Jankowski, P. J., & Sandage, S. J. (2018). Attachment to God as mediator of the relationship between God Representations and mental health. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 20(2), 95-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2017.1396197
Young, J. S., Cashwell, C. S., & Woolington, V. J. (1998). The relationship of spirituality to cognitive and moral development and purpose in life: An exploratory investigation. Counseling and Values, 43(1), 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007X.1998.tb00961.x

Spiritual Psychology and Counseling-Cover

ISSN: 2458-9675
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2016
Yayıncı: Halil Ekşi

Arşiv