MAHKEME DENEYİMİNİN MAHKEMELERE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARINA ETKİSİ

Bu makalenin temel amacı, farklı deneyimlerin mahkemelere ve adalet sistemine yönelik tutumları nasıl şekillendirdiğini araştırmaktır. Çalışma, 2006-2007 yılları arasında Türkiye genelinde yetişkin nüfus arasında gerçekleştirilen bir anket çalışmasının verilerinin ikincil analizine dayanmaktadır. Sonuçlar, mahkeme deneyimi olan kişilerin tutumlarının, hiç mahkeme deneyimi olmayan kişilere göre daha olumsuz olduğunu göstermiştir. Ceza davalarında mağdur ve hukuk davalarında davacı olanların yanı sıra izleyiciler ve tanıklar için de deneyimden memnuniyetin mahkemelere yönelik tutumu olumlu yönde değiştirdiği görülürken, sanıklar için memnuniyeti etkileyen esas unsurun deneyimden ziyade sonuç olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda hükümete güvenin de tüm gruplar için mahkemelere yönelik tutumları belirleyici bir etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, mahkemelere yönelik tutumların iki unsur üzerinden belirlendiği öne sürülür: katı olan bir temel bileşen, ve esnek ve deneyime dayalı bir bileşen. Katı temel bileşen, hükümete ve kurumlara yönelik daha genel ve soyut bir tutumun ve güvenin bir yansıması olarak görülürken, esnek bileşenin ise deneyimin özellikleriyle ve de kişilerin gerçekte mahkemelerde karşılaştıkları üzerinden şekillendiği öne sürülür.

HOW GOING TO COURT AFFECTS THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS COURTS

The aim of this paper was to explore how different types of experiences with courts shape attitudes towards the courts and the justice system, through a secondary analysis of data collected in 2006-2007 using a nationally representative sample of adult urban population of Turkey. Findings indicate that the attitudes of citizens with prior court experience are less positive than attitudes of those with no such experience. It is argued that a negative attitude towards the courts is the outcome of having an experience with the courts, rather than the other way around. It was found that satisfaction with the court experience positively influenced the attitudes towards courts for those who experienced court as civil and criminal plaintiffs, as well as observers and witnesses, while satisfaction with outcomes had same effect for criminal defendants. It is argued that attitudes towards courts are shaped by two components: The stable base which reflects a general and abstract trust in institutions, and a flexible component which is shaped by the nature of the experience and interaction that one has with the courts.

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