Omer GOKCEKUS, Elşen BAĞIRZADE, Daniel SCRIBNER

EİT Ülkelerinde Kayıt Dışı Ekonomi ve Yolsuzluk

Bu çalışma Ekonomik İşbirliği Teşkilatı (EİT-ECO) üyesi ülkelerde kayıt dışı ekonomi ve yolsuzluk arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. 2000-2017 yılları için Medina ve Schneider (2017; 2019) tarafından sağlanan kayıt dışı ekonomi verilerini ve Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü’nün yolsuzluk algılama göstergelerini kullanan regresyon analizi ile yolsuzluk ve kayıt dışı ekonomi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ve ayrıca bu ilişkinin belirlenmesinde Sovyet mirasının bir rol oynadığı ortaya konulmaktadır. Sonuçlar, bu ilişkinin Eski Sovyet EİT ülkeleri için tamamlayıcı, ‘Diğer’ EİT ülkeleri için ise ikame yönünde olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kayıt Dışı Ekonomi, Yolsuzluk, ECO Ülkeleri, Eski Sovyet Ülkeleri, Türk Ülkeleri

The Shadow Economy and Corruption in ECO Countries

This study examines the shadow economy and corruption relationship throughout seven Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) countries. Utilising shadow economy data provided by Medina and Schneider (2017; 2019) and Transparency International's corruption perception indicator between 2000-2017, regression analysis suggests that there is a statistically significant relationship between corruption and shadow economy, and additionally, that Soviet heritage plays a role in the determination of this relationship. Results show that for post-Soviet ECO nations, the relationship is complimentary, while for ‘Other’ ECO nations, the relationship is substitutive.

Keywords:

Shadow Economy, Corruption, ECO Countries, Post-Soviet Countries, Turkic Countries,

PDF

___

Ashraf, O. & A. Kemal (2019), “Exploring the Determinants of Underground Economy of Pakistan”, PIDE-Working Papers, 163, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
Bayar, Y. et al. (2018), “Corruption and shadow economy in transition economies of European Union countries: A panel cointegration and causality analysis”, Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 31(1), 1940-1952.
Berdiev, A.N. et al. (2018), “Corruption and the shadow economy: One-way or two-way street?”, The World Economy, 41(11), 3221-3241.
Bozhenko, V. & O. Kuzmenko (2021), “Linkages between Shadow Economy and Corruption: A Bibliometric Analysis”, Financial and Credit Activity: Problems of Theory and Practice, 4(39), 176-185.
Buehn, A. & F. Schneider (2011), “Corruption and the shadow economy: Like oil and vinegar, like water and fire?”, International Tax and Public Finance, 19(1), 172-194.
Dimant, E. & G. Tosato (2018), “Causes and Effects of Corruption: What has Past Decade’s Empirical Research Taught Us? A Survey”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 32(2), 335-356.
Farzanegan, M. & B. Hayo (2018), “Sanctions and the shadow economy: Empirical evidence from Iranian provinces”, MAGKS Joint Discussion Paper No. 07-2018.
Gokcekus, O. & F. Schneider (2020), “Are shadow economy and corruption in US states substitutive or complementary? An empirical investigation”, Sosyoekonomi, 28(46), 11-23.
Gokcekus, O. et al. (2022), “Shadow Economy and Political Participation in the United States”, Sosyoekonomi, 30(52), 11-25.
Kelmanson, B. et al. (2019), “Explaining the shadow economy in Europe: Size, causes and policy options”, IMF Working Papers, 278.
Lambsdorff, J.G. & G.G. Schulze (2015), “What Can We Know About Corruption? Avery Short History of Corruption and a List of What We Should Aim for”, Jahrbucher f. Nationalokonomie u. Statistik (Lucius & Lucius, Stuttgart) Bd. (Vol.) 235/2.
Medina, L. & F. Schneider (2017), “Shadow Economies Around the World: New Results for 158 Countries Over 1991-2015”, (April 10), CESifo Working Paper Series No. 6430.
Medina, L. & F. Schneider (2019), “Shedding Light on the Shadow Economy: A Global Database and the Interaction with the Official One”, CESifo Working Paper No. 7981.
Rasanayagam, J. (2011), “Informal economy, informal state: The case of Uzbekistan”, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 31(11/12), 681-696.
Rose-Ackerman, S. & B.J. Palifka (2016), Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Schneider, F. & D.H. Enste (2000), “Shadow economies: size, causes, and consequences”, Journal of Economic Literature, 38, 77-114.
Stănculescu, M. (2018), “Romanian households between state, market and informal economies 1”, in: R. Neef & M. Stănculescu (eds.), The Social Impact of Informal Economies in Eastern Europe (119-148), London: Routledge.
Transparency International (2021), Corruption Perceptions Index, , 28.02.2023.
Wiseman, T. (2013), “US shadow Economies: A state-level study”, Constitutional Political Economy, 24(4), 310-335.
Zhanabekov, S. (2022), “Robust determinants of the shadow economy”, Bulletin of Economic Research, (74), 1017-1052.