Commons ve Mitchell’in “İktisat” ve “Birey” Tahayyülleri

Kökenleri 20. yüzyılın başlarına dek uzanan kurumcu iktisat, insan davranışının ve iktisadi faaliyetin şekillenmesinde alışkanlık, içgüdü, inanç ve irade gibi temel kavramlar üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu çerçevede kurumcu iktisat, bir yandan, bireyin “toplumsal” bir varlık olduğu ön-kabulünden hareketle, toplumsal yapıların –yani kurumların- birey üzerindeki şekillendirici ve bir nebze de kısıtlayıcı işlevini ön plana çıkarmakta; diğer yandan da, bireylerin toplumsal yapıları oluşturduğunu ve şekillendirdiğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da, kurumcu iktisadın kurucuları arasında yer alan Commons ve Mitchell aracılığıyla kurumcu iktisadın “iktisat” ve “birey” tahayyülünü gözler önüne sermektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kurumcu iktisat, John R. Commons, Wesley C. Mitchell, Birey, Toplum

The Conceptions of “Economics” and “Individual” in Commons and Mitchell

The institutional economics which is established in the beginnings of twentieth century stresses such basic concepts as habit, instinct, belief and volition in shaping the human behavior and economic activity. The institutional economics accordingly, at one hand, features the moulder and at some degree restraining functions of social structures –namely institutions- upon individuals based on the preconception that the individual is a “social” being; at the other hand, emphasizes that individuals constitute and shape the social structures. This paper aims to demonstrate the conceptions of “economics” and “individual” of institutional economics within the context of Commons and Mitchell.

Keywords:

The institutional economics, John R. Commons, Wesley C. Mitchell, Individual, Society,

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