Emek Piyasalarında Eğitim Uyumsuzlukları ve Sektörler Arasında Ücretlere Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği

Eğitim uyumsuzluklarının görülme sıklığı ve kazanca etkisi hem ülkeler hem de sektörler arasında farklılık göstermektedir. Makalenin birinci amacı Türkiye emek piyasasındaki eğitim uyumsuzluklarının büyüklüğünü hesaplamaktır. İkinci amacımız ise eğitim uyumsuzluklarının ücretleri özel ve kamu sektörlerinde nasıl farklı etkilediğini ortaya koymaktır. Bulgularımıza göre fazla eğitimli olmanın getirisi her iki sektörde de diğer ülke örnekleri ile benzer şekilde gereken eğitimin getirisinden daha azdır. Ayrıca, fazla eğitim ve gereken eğitim arasındaki ücret farkının özel sektöde daha az olduğu ve Oaxaca ayrıştırma yöntemi ile bu farkın büyük oranda donatım ile açıklanabileceği gösterilmiştir. Son olarak, az eğitimli olmanın sektörler arasında ücretleri farklı etkilediği ve Türkiye kamu sektöründe beşeri sermaye modelinin geçerli olmadığı da sonucuna da varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Eğitim Uyumsuzluğu, Ücretler, Kamu, Özel Sektör, Oaxaca Ayrıştırması

Education Mismatches in the Labor Markets and Their Impact on Wages across Sectors: Evidence from Turkey

The incidence of mismatch and its pay effects vary not only across countries but also across sectors due to different institutional arrangements. The first aim of the paper is to estimate education mismatches in the Turkish labor market. Our second aim is to distinguish the impact of education mismatches on wages in public and private sectors. The results of the analysis show returns on overeducation are lower than required education in both sectors similar to many other country examples. Moreover, we also show that wage differences between overeducation and required education are smaller in the private sector, and through Oaxaca decomposition method most of it can be explained by endowments. Lastly, the effect of undereducation on wages differs across sectors and we conclude that human capital model is not applicable to Turkish public sector.

Keywords:

Education Mismatch, Wages, Public, Private Sector, Oaxaca Decomposition,

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