KÖMÜR MADENLERİNDE PSİKOSOSYAL GÜVENLİK ÇALIŞMALARI: MADEN MÜHENDİSLERİ VE İŞ GÜVENLİĞİ UZMANLARI GÖZÜNDEN NİTEL DEĞERLENDİRME

Kömür madenciliği çeşitli başlıklar altında incelenebilecek tehlike kaynaklarını barındıran çalışma ortamı ve koşulları nedeniyle yüksek tehlikeli işler arasında yer almaktadır. Çalışma ortamından kaynak alan tehlikeler ve riskler bunlarla sınırlı değildir. Maden çalışanlarının psikososyal tehlike kaynakları ve riskler ile etkileşimleri kendilerinin yanı sıra çalışma arkadaşlarının, yürütülen süreçlerin, madencilik faaliyetlerini sürdüren işletmelerin ve en başta çalışanların aileleri olmak üzere toplumun da psikososyal tehlike kaynakları ve risklerden kaynaklanan zararı deneyimlemeleri anlamına gelmektedir. Ayrıca, psikososyal tehlike kaynakları ve riskler ile etkileşim, maden işletmelerindeki tüm çalışanların fiziksel-biyolojik-kimyasal tehlike kaynaklarına açık hale gelmelerine de zemin oluşturabilmektedir. Psikososyal unsurların suda büyüyen halkaları çağrıştıran bu yaygın etkisi çalışanların psikolojik güvenliklerinin desteklenmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Söz konusu gerekliliğin bir sonucu olarak filizlenen ve Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından desteklenerek yaşama geçirilen “Maden Sektöründe Çalışanların Psikososyal Risklerinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Önlenmesine Yönelik İşyeri Hekimlerinin Kapasitesini Geliştirme Projesi” de çalışanların psikososyal güvenliklerinin sağlanabilmesine katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu makalede de bu amaç doğrultusunda yürütülen nitel araştırmalardan bir kesit sunulmakta, 23 maden mühendisi ve 20 iş güvenliği uzmanı ile gerçekleştirilen odak grup görüşmelerinden yola çıkılarak bu iki çalışan grubunun, maden işçilerinin karşılaştıkları psikososyal tehlike kaynaklarına ilişkin algıları aktarılmaktadır. Elde edilen veri; Kopenhag Psikososyal Risk Değerlendirme Ölçeği (KOPSOR) bileşenleri baz alınarak kişilerarası ilişkiler ve liderlik, güvencesizlik, etki ve gelişim, talepler boyutları altında gruplandırılmıştır. Başlıklara dahil olan segment örnekleri; kömür madeni işçilerinin yine madenlerde görev alan maden mühendisleri ve iş güvenliği uzmanları gözündeki yüksek riskli konumunu gözler önüne sermektedir.

PSYCHOSOCIAL SECURITY STUDIES IN COAL MINE: QUALITATIVE EVALUATION FROM MINING ENGINEERS AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY SPECIALISTS

Coal mining is among the most dangerous jobs known due to the physical working environment and numerous potential hazard sources. However, dangers and risks associated are not limited only to physical conditions. As the interaction of mine workers with psychosocial hazards and risks harms themselves, it adversely affects their colleagues, work processes, mining companies, workers' families, and society in general. Moreover, interaction with psychosocial hazard sources and risks can provide a ground for exposure to physical-biological-chemical hazard sources. This extensive effect of psychosocial hazards, which resembles growing circles in the water, necessitates the support of workers' psychological well-being. The "Capacity Building of Occupational Physicians for the Assessment and Prevention of Psychosocial Risks in Mining Sector" project grew out of this need, which is conducted with the financial support of the European Union and the Republic of Turkey and aims to contribute to mineworkers' psychosocial safety. The purpose of this article is to present a cross-section of the qualitative research conducted in this project, reviewing the perceptions of mining engineers and occupational safety experts regarding the sources of psychosocial danger faced by mineworkers. Focus group meetings were conducted with the participation of 23 mining engineers and 20 occupational safety experts. Qualitative coding of the transcribed data from the focus group sessions was done using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Risk Assessment Scale (COPSOQ-III) dimensions. The coding process revealed that these COPSOQ-III dimensions were relevant to mineworkers' psychosocial conditions in coal mining: interpersonal relationships and leadership, job insecurity, impact and development, and job demands. Examples of segments regarding these themes reveal the coal mine workers' high-risk condition in mining engineers' and occupational safety experts' perspectives.

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