Jülide YALÇINKAYA KOYUNCU, Hüseyin Safa ÜNAL

EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜN YERALTI EKONOMİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: PANEL ANALİZ

Bu çalışma, ekonomik özgürlük ve yeraltı ekonomisinin büyüklüğü arasındaki ilişkiyi 153 ülke verisini 1999 ve 2013 yılları arasındaki periyodu göz önünde bulundurarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu sebeple, Hausman test sonuçlarına dayanarak sabit etkiler (FEM) ve rassal etkiler modellerinden (REM) faydalanılmıştır. İstihdam ve ekonomik özgürlük göstergeleri yeraltı ekonomisinin büyüklüğü ile negatif ilişki içerisindedir. Diğer yandan, vergi yükü ve istihdam, yeraltı ekonomisinin boyutu üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahiptir. Genel ekonomik özgürlük ve iş yapma özgürlüğü, yeraltı ekonomisi üzerindeki en etkili özgürlük göstergeleridir. Ancak en az etkili olanı yatırım yapma özgürlüğü olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yeraltı Ekonomisi, Ekonomik Özgürlük, Rassal Etkiler Modeli, Sabit Etkiler Modeli, Panel Veri

THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM ON THE SHADOW ECONOMY: PANEL ANALYSIS

This study aims to find the relationship between economic freedom and the size of the shadow economy in 153 countries for the period between 1999 and 2013. Panel fixed effects (FEM) and panel random effects models (REM) are utilized based on the Hausman test results. Employment and economic freedom indicators are found to be in negative association with the size of the shadow economy. On the other hand, tax burden and employment positively affect the size of the shadow economy. The most effective freedom indicators on the shadow economy are overall economic freedom and business freedom, but the least effective is investment freedom.

Keywords:

Shadow Economy, Economic Freedom, Random Effects Model, Fixed Effects Model, Panel Data,

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