Etnik Ayrımcılığın İnsan Ticaretini Önleme Üzerine Etkisi

İnsan ticareti konusundaki yaygın endişe nedeni ile uluslararası toplum, ülkelerin bu ciddi suçu ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik önlemler almalarını gerektiren kapsayıcı bir yasal çerçeve geliştirmiştir. Bu uluslararası yasal çerçevenin önemli bir parçası olarak ülkelerin, insanların herhangi bir sömürüye maruz kalmalarını önleme konusunda sorumlulukları vardır. Savunmasız durumda olan insanları, henüz bir sömürü ortaya çıkmadan önce, bu ortaya çıkabilecek olan sömürüden korumak için ülkelerin, sömürülmeye karşı kırılganlığı arttıran ve insan ticaretine yönelik talebi yükselten faktörleri hafifletmeyi içeren önleyici tedbirleri uygulamaları beklenmektedir. Etnik ayrımcılık, bireyleri insan ticaretine karşı savunmasız hale getiren, ve ek olarak, bu ağır suça yönelik talebi arttıran bir faktör olarak kabul edilirken, onun insan ticaretini önlemeye yönelik tedbirlerin uygulanması üzerine olan etkisi son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar tarafından sınırlı bir ilgi ile karşılanmıştır. Bu boşluğu doldurmak için yapılan bu çalışma, etnik ayrımcılığın, ülkelerin insan ticaretini önleme konusunda aldıkları tedbirler üzerine bir etkisi olup olmadığını teorik olarak tartışmakta ve ampirik olarak incelemektedir. 2003 yılından 2015 yılına kadar olan dönem üzerinden 165 ülkeyi kapsayan bir veri seti temel alınarak yapılan sayısal analizin sonuçları, etnik ayrımcılığın insan ticaretini önleme üzerinde kötüleştirici bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnsan Ticareti, Etnik Ayrımcılık, Birleşmiş Milletler, Palermo Protokolü, İnsan Ticaretini Önleme

The Impact of Ethnic Discrimination on the Prevention of Human Trafficking

Due to the ubiquitous concern about human trafficking, the international community has developed a comprehensive legal framework that requires countries to take effective measures to eliminate this grave crime. As an essential part of this international legal framework, countries have a responsibility to prevent people from being exposed to any type of exploitation. In order to save vulnerable people from exploitation before it transpires, countries are expected to implement preventative measures including alleviation of the factors that increase vulnerability to being exploited and encourage the demand for human trafficking. While ethnic discrimination has been acknowledged as a factor that renders individuals vulnerable to human trafficking and also bolsters the demand for this severe crime, its effect on the implementation of prevention measures has received limited attention from recent studies. To fill this gap, this study theoretically discusses and empirically examines whether or not ethnic discrimination affects countries’ preventative measures for human trafficking. The results of statistical analysis based on a data set that involves 165 countries over the years between 2003 and 2015 show that ethnic discrimination deteriorates the prevention of human trafficking.

Keywords:

Human Trafficking, Ethnic Discrimination, United Nations, Palermo Protocol, Prevention of Human Trafficking,

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