Osman İSMAİL, Emel AKYOL

9420

OPEN-AIR SUN DRYING:THE EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT ON DRYING KINETIC OF CHERRY TOMATO

In this study, the effects of open-air sun drying and pretreatment on drying characteristic of cherry tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) were investigated. Drying times were determined as 26 and 22 h for natural and pretreated, respectively. The pretreated samples were dried in slightly shorter time than the natural samples. The drying process took place in the falling rate period. Different seven theoretical drying models were applied to experimental data of falling rate periods. All the models were compared according to statistical parameters; i.e. model efficiency (R2), chi-square (χ2) and root mean square error (RMSE). It was observed that Verma et al. model among the models used is best mathematical model represented the open-air sun drying behavior of cherry tomatoes. The best chroma (C*) value were obtained in pre-treatment dried cherry tomatoes.
Keywords:

Cherry tomatoes, open-sun drying, pretreatment chroma, modelling.,

PDF

___

  • [1] Hawkesworth S., Dangour A.D., Johnston D., Lock K., Poole N., Rushton J., Uauy R., Waage J., (2010) Feeding the world healthily: The challenge of measuring the effects of agriculture on health, Philosophical Transactions B 365, 3083–3097.
  • [2] Akpinar E.K., Midilli A., Biçer Y., (2003) Single layer drying behaviour of potato slices in a convective cyclone dryer and mathematical modeling, Energy Conversion and Manegement 44, 1689-1705.
  • [3] Marques L.G., Freire J.T., (2005) Analysis of Freeze-Drying of Tropical Fruits, Drying Technology 23, 2169-2184.
  • [4] Ergüneş G., Tarhan S., (2006) Color Retention of Red Peppers by Chemical Pretreatments during Greenhouse and Open Sun Drying, Journal of Food Engineering 76, 446-452.
  • [5] Kooli S., Fadhel A., Farhat A., Belghith A., (2007) Drying of Red Pepper in Open Sun and Greenhouse Conditions: Mathematical Modelling and Experimental Validation, Journal of Food Engineering 55, 1094-1103.
  • [6] Akpinar E. K., Bicer Y., (2008) Mathematical Modelling of Thin Layer Drying Process of Long Green Pepper in Solar Dryer and Under Open Sun, Energy Conversionand Management 49, 1367–1375.
  • [7] Tunde-Akintunde T.Y., (2011) Mathematical Modeling of Sun and Solar Drying of Chilli Pepper, Renewable Energy 36, 2139-2145.
  • [8] Akpinar E.K., (2010) Drying of Mint Leaves in A Solar Dryer and under Open Sun: Modelling, Performance Analyses, Energy Conversion and Management 51(12), 2407-2418.
  • [9] Arslan D., Özcan M., (2010) Study The Effect of Sun, Oven and Microwave Drying on Quality of Onion Slices, LWT - Food Science and Technology 43(7), 1121-1127.
  • [10] Evin D., (2012) Thin layer drying kinetics of Gundelia tournefortii L., Food and Bioproducts Processing 90(2), 323–332.
  • [11] Al-Mahasneh M.A., Rababah T.M., Bani-Amer M.M., Al-Omari N.M., Mahasneh M.K., 2013 Fuzzy and Conventional Modeling of Open Sun Drying Kinetics for Roasted Green Wheat, International Journal of Food Properties 16, 70-80.
  • [12] Doymaz I., (2004) Drying Kinetics of White Mulberry, Journal of Food Engineering 61(3), 341–346.
  • [13] Lewicki P.P., Michaluk E., (2004) Drying of Tomato Pre-Treated with Calcium, Drying Technology: An International Journal 22(8), 1813-1827.
  • [14] Movagharnejad K., Nikzad M., (2007) Modeling of Tomato Drying Using Artificial Neural Network, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 59, 78–85.
  • [15] Akanbi C.T., Adeyemi R.S., Ojo A., (2006) Drying Characteristics and Sorption Isotherm of Tomato Slices, Journal of Food Engineering 73(2), 157–163.
  • [16] Sacilik K., Keskin R., Elicin A.K., (2006) Mathematical Modelling of Solar Tunnel Drying of Thin Layer Organic Tomato, Journal of Food Engineering 73(3), 231–238.
  • [17] Corrêa P.C., de Oliveira G.H.H., Baptestini F.M., et al., Diniz M.D.D.S., da Paixão A.A., (2012) Tomato İnfrared Drying: Modeling and Some Coefficients of the Dehydration Process, Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 72(2), 262-267.
  • [18] Abano E.E., Haile M.A., Owusu J., Engmann F.N., (2013) Microwave-Vacuum Drying Effect on Drying Kinetics, Lycopene and Ascorbic Acid Content of Tomato Slices, Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research 4(1), 11 – 22.
  • [19] Davoodi M.G., Vijayanand P., Kulkarni S.G., Ramana K.V.R., (2007) Effect of Different Pre-Treatments and Dehydration Methods on Quality Characteristics and Storage Stability of Tomato Powder, LWT-Food Science and Technology 40(10), 1832-1840.
  • [20] Panchariya P.C., Popovic D., Sharma A.L., (2002) Thin-layer Modelling of Black Tea Drying Process, Journal of Food Engineering 52(4), 349–357.
  • [21] Bagheri H., Arabhosseini A., Kianmehr M.H., Chegini G.R., (2013) Mathematical Modeling of Thin Layer Solar Drying of Tomato Slices, Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 15(1), 146-153.
  • [22] AOAC., (1990) Official Method of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, USA.
  • [23] Ayensu A., (1997) Dehydration of Food Crops Using A Solar Dryer with Convective Heat Flow, Solar Energy 59(4-6), 121-126.
  • [24] Henderson S.M., Pabis S., (1961) Grain Drying Theory I. Temperature Effect on Drying Coefficient, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 6, 169-174.
  • [25] Vega-Gálvez, A., Ayala-Aponte A., Notte E., De La Fuente L., Lemus-Mondaca R., (2008) Mathematical Modeling of Mass Transfer During Convective Dehydration of Brown Algae Macrocystis Pyrifera, Drying Technology 26(12), 1610-1616.
  • [26] Aghblasho M., Kianmehr M.H., Khani S., Ghasemi M., (2009) Mathematical Modeling of Carrot Thin-layer Drying Using New Model, International Agrophysics 23(4), 313-317.
  • [27] Wang C.Y., Singh R.P., (1978) Use of Variable Equilibrium Moisture Content in Modelling Rice Drying, ASAE Meeting paper No. 78-6505, St.Joseph.
  • [28] Verma L.R., Bucklin R.A., Endan J.B., Wratten F.T., (1985) Effects of Drying Air Parameters on Rice Drying Models, Transactions of the ASAE, 28, 296-301.
  • [29] Alibas I., (2012) Microwave Drying of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Leaves and Determination of Some Quality Parameters, Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi-Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18, 43-53.
  • [30] Akpınar E.K., Biçer Y., Midilli A., (2003) Modeling and Experimental Study on Drying of Apple Slices in A Convective Cyclone Dryer, Journal of Food Process Engineering 26(6), 515-541.
  • [31] Lee J.H., Kim H.J., (2008) Drying Kinetics of Onion Slices in A Hot-Air Dryer, Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 13, 225-230.
  • [32] Özbek B., Dadali G., (2007) Thin-layer Drying Characteristics and Modelling of Mint Leaves Undergoing Microwave Treatment, Journal of Food Engineering 83(4), 541-549.
  • [33] Darvishi H., Asghari A., Najafi G., Gazori, H.A., (2013) Mathematical Modeling, Moisture Diffusion, Energy consumption and Efficiency of Thin Layer Drying of Potato Slices, Journal of Food Processing & Technology 4(215), doi.org/10.4172/21577110.1000215.
  • [34] Okos M.R., Campanella O., Narsimhan G., Singh R.K., Weitnauer A.C., (2007) Food dehydration. In:Handbook of Food Engineering. Heldman DR, Lund DB (eds), CRC Press, Florida, USA, pp. 601-744.
  • [35] Muratore G., Rizzo V., Licciardello F., Maccarone E., (2008) Partial Dehydration of Cherry Tomato at Different Temperature and Nutritional Quality of the Products, Food Chemistry 111(4), 887-891.
  • [36] Jarad F.D., Moss, B.W., Youngson C.C., Russell M.D., (2007) The Effect of Enamel Porcelain Thickness on Color and the Ability of A Shade Guide to Prescribe Chroma, Dental Materials 23(4), 454-460.
  • [37] Sacilik K., Keskin, R., Elicin A.K., (2006) Mathematical modelling of solar tunnel drying of thin layer organic tomato, Journal of Food Engineering 73(3), 231-238.
  • [38] Gürlek G., Özbalta N., Güngör A., (2009) Solar Tunnel Drying Characteristics and Mathematical Modelling of Tomato, Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi 29(1), 15-23.
  • [39] Demir K., Sacilik K., (2010) Solar Drying of Ayas Tomato Using A Natural Convection Solar Tunnel Dryer, Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 8(1), 7-12.
  • [40] Kostoglou M., Chrysafis N., Andritsos N., (2013) Modelling Tomato Dehydration in a Tunnel Dryer Using Geothermal Energy, Drying Technology: An International Journal 31(1), 5-16.
  • [41] Doymaz I., (2005) Sun drying of figs: an experimental study, Journal of Food Engineering 71(4), 403-407.
  • [42] Hii C.L., Law C.L., Cloke M., (2008) Modelling of Thin Layer Drying Kinetics of Cocoa Beans During Artificial and Natural Drying, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 3(1), 1–10.
  • [43] Sallam Y.I., Aly M.H., Nassar A.F., Mohamed E.A., (2015) Solar drying of whole mint plant under natural and forced convection, Journal of Advanced Research 6(2), 171–178.
  • [44] Abano E.E., Ma H., Qu, W., (2011) Influence of Air Temperature on the Drying Kinetics and Quality of Tomato Slices, Journal of Food Processing & Technology 2, 123, doi:10.4172/2157-7110.1000123.
  • [45] Madamba P.S., Driscoll R.H., Buckle K.A., (1996) The Thin-Layer Drying Characteristics of Garlic Slices, Journal of Food Engineering 29(1), 75-97.
  • [46] Erbay Z., Icier F., (2010) A Review of Thin Layer Drying of Foods: Theory, Modeling and Experimental Results, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 50(5), 441-464.
Sigma Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1304-7191
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Dilek ÖZDEMİR GÜNGÖR, Sıtkı GÖZLÜ

Ali ERDOĞMUŞ

Mustafa Tahsin YILMAZ, Ömer Said TOKER, Nevruz Berna TATLISU, Muhammet ARICI, Enes DERTLİ

Tolga APAYDIN, Hasan HEPERKAN

Sevil YÜCEL, Pınar TERZİOĞLU, Muharrem E. BOĞOÇLU, Merve ÇELİKKOL

Murat YAYLACI, Ahmet BİRİNCİ, Gökhan ADIYAMAN, Erdal ÖNER

Harun ELCİK, Ali ZOUNGRANA, Nouha BEKARAKİ

Burcu KARAKUZU, Tülay Merve TEMEL, Sevil YÜCEL, Pınar TERZİOĞLU, Yeliz ELALMIŞ

Bilge COŞKUNER FİLİZ, Sabriye PİŞKİN

Zeynep AYDIN SİNİRLİOĞLU, Fahri AKBAŞ