Daniel Defoe’nun Moll Flanders Romanının Jeokritik Tahlili

Bu çalışma Daniel Defoe’nun picaresque romanı (mizahi manzum destan) Moll Flanders (1722) romanında kullanılan zengin mekânsal referansları, flâneur figürü ve jeokritik eleştiri yöntemi ile incelemektedir. Roman çeşitli mekânlar arasında seyahat ve hareketlilik eylemlerini anlatırken, Moll’ün mekânsal tecrübelerinin hayatta kalma mücadelesinde ve ruhsal olgunlaşmasındaki etkisini vurgular. Edward Soja, Fredric Jameson ve David Harvey gibi kuramcılar mekânın somut anlamından öte söylemsel ve sembolik anlamı olduğunu gözlemler. Henri Lefebvre, Michel Foucault, Yi-Fu Tuan, Marc Augé ve Edward Relph’in mekân kavramı ile ilgili oluşturduğu terimler ve açıklamaları bu çalışmada Defoe’nun mekânı anlaması, temsil etmesi ve karakterlerinin mekân ile ilişkisini tanımlamada yeni bir bakış açısı sağlamıştır. Onsekizinci yüzyıl keşmekeşliğinde yer, yersizlik, mekanlar arası hareketlilik konularını inceleyen çalışma, mekân ve yaşanılmış tecrübeler bağlamında Defoe çalışmalarına katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Daniel Defoe, Moll Flanders, Mekansallık, Jeokritik eleştiri

A Geocritical Reading of Daniel Defoe’s Moll Flanders

This study analyzes the rich spatial and platial references in Daniel Defoe’s picaresque novel Moll Flanders (1722) by using the prospect provided by the figure of the flâneur and geocritical criticism. The novel portrays a world of mobility and travel amongst places and Moll’s spatial experiences determine her survival and spiritual refinement. Theorists such as Edward Soja, Fredric Jameson and David Harvey have observed that place has a discursive/symbolic meaning beyond that of mere location. Spatial thinkers such as Henri Lefebvre, Michel Foucault, Yi-Fu Tuan, Marc Augé, and Edward Relph have defined a set of vocabulary related to space which will be helpful to explore the ways in which Defoe’s characters have depicted the human condition and its relation to space. While the notions of locality, displacement, mobility, and placelessness are explored in a setting of eighteenth-century chaos, the paper helps to further studies in Defoe studies especially in evaluating spatiality and lived experience.

Keywords:

Daniel Defoe, Moll Flanders, Spatiality, Geocriticism,

PDF

___

Augè, M. (1995). Non-Places – Introduction to an anthropology of supermodernity. (Trans. J. Howe). London: Verso. (First published in 1992).
Baudelaire, Charles. (1964). The painter of modern life: The painter of modern Life and other essays. (Trans. & ed. J. Essays). London: Phaidon.
Baudelaire, Charles. (1964) The painter of modern life, and other essays. (Trans. J. Mayne). London: Phaidon.
Benjamin, W. (1973). “The Flâneur”, Charles Baudelaire: A lyric poet in the era of high capitalism, (Trans. H. Zohn). London: Verso, 35-66. (First published in 1997).
Brand, D. (1991). The Spectator and the City in Nineteenth-Century. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Defoe, Daniel. (1993). Moll Flanders: The fortunes and misfortunes of the famous Moll Flanders. London: Everyman.
Defoe, Daniel. (2003). Defoe's review. J, McVeagh (Ed). 9 two-part vols. London: Pickering & Chatto, Original: Defoe,Daniel. (1709). A Review of the state of the British Nation, vol 6, no 36, 25.
Foucault, M. (1986). Of other spaces. (Trans. J. Miskowiec). Diacritics, John Hopkins University Press, Vol. 16, No. 1, 22-27.
Jameson, F. (1998). The cultural turn – Selected writings on the postmodern 1983-1998. London, New York: Verso.
Jameson, F. (2005). Archaeologies of the future, the desire called utopia and other science fictions. USA: Verso.
Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space, (Trans. D. N. Smith) Oxford: Blackwell. (First published in 1974).
Poe, Edgar Allan. (1979). Selected writings. London: Penguin..
Prieto E. (2011). Geocriticism, geopoetics, geophilosophy, and beyond. R. Tally Jr. (Ed.), Geocritic Explorations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230337930_2
Read, A. (Ed.). (2000). Thirdspace: Expanding the scope of the geographical imagination, Architecturally speaking: Practices of art, architecture and the everyday. London: Routledge, 13-31
Relph, E. (1976). Place and placelessnes. A. J. Scott (Ed.). London: Pion Limited.
Soja, E. W. (1996). Thirdspace – Journeys to Los Angeles and other real-and-imagined places. USA: Blackwell Publishing.
Tally Jr, R. T. (Ed.). (2011). Geocritical explorations – Space, place, and mapping in literary and cultural studies USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 1-10.
Tally, Jr. R. T. (2013). Spatiality (The new critical idiom). USA: Routledge.
Tuan, Y. F. (2001). Space and place the perspective of experience. London: University of Minnesota Press.
Wolff, J. (1985). The Invisible Flâneuse. Women and the literature of modernity. Theory, culture & society, Vol. 2, No. 3, 37–46.