Heyelan duyarlılık haritalarının üretilmesinde analitik hiyerarşi yönteminin ve CBS'nin kullanımı

Heyelanlar, doğal afetler arasında en yaygın olarak gelişen kütle hareketi türü olup, can ve mal kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Bu zararların azaltılması için, potansiyel heyelan alanlarının belirlenerek önlem alınması gerekmektedir. Bu açıdan, potansiyel alanlar için heyelan duyarlılık analizlerinin yapılması hem meydana gelebilecek zararların azaltılmasıyla ilgili önlemlerin alınmasını, hem de mühendislik projelerinin planlanması ve yürütülmesinde kolaylıklar sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle heyelan duyarlılık analizlerinde Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi (AHY) ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS)'nin kullanımı ile ilgili bilgiler verilmiştir. Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi, karmaşık çok kriterli karar verme problemlerinin çözümünde sıklıkla kullanılan tekniklerinden biri olup, esas olarak elemanların ikili karşılaştırılmasından elde edilen önceliklere dayalı bir ölçüm yöntemidir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında ise, yapılan örnek bir çalışmada üretilen heyelan duyarlılık haritasının 56 aktif heyelan alanında kontrolü yapılmış ve uygulanan bu yöntemin kullanılmasıyla % 84 gibi bir oranla, bu alanların yüksek ve çok yüksek heyelan duyarlılığına sahip alanlara rastladığı saptanmıştır.

The use of analytical hierarchy process and GIS in production of landslide susceptibility maps

Among various natural hazards, landslides are the most widespread and damaging. Potentials landslide-prone areas should, therefore, are identified in advance in order to reduce such damage. In this respect, landslide susceptibility assessment can provide valuable information essential for hazard mitigation through proper project planning and implementation. This paper presents a geographic information system (GIS) and based the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) making approach for landslide susceptibility analyses. AHP is a commonly used solution technique for solving any multicriteria decision making problem. This method is one of the most flexible and easily implemented multicriteria decision making techniques. It is a theory of measurement concerned with dominance priorities from pair-wise comparison of elements with respect to a common criterion. Multi-criteria analysis is performed to evaluate landslide susceptibility for each data layer, according to appropriately measured and weighted factors. A landslide susceptibility map for each data layer is developed using an algorithm that combines factors in weighted linear combinations. To verify the practicality of the susceptibility map was compared with a landslide inventory map containing 56 active landslide zones. The outcome was that the active landslide zones do not completely fit into the high and very high susceptibility class. But 84% of these landslide zones fall into the high and very high susceptibility zones.

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