Zekeriya DURAN, Bülent ERDEM, Tuğba DOĞAN

MADEN MAKİNELERİNİN FREKANS-GÜRÜLTÜ İLİŞKİSİ

Normal bir insan kulağı 20 Hz – 20000 Hz frekans aralığındaki sesleri duymakla birlikte bu aralıktaki farklı frekanstaki sesleri eş şiddetle algılamamaktadır. Bu nedenle insan maruziyetinin belirlenmesinde gürültü düzeylerini belirlemenin yanında, gürültünün frekansı da dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu çalışmada Sivas ve komşu illerde yer alan toplam altı çalışma alanında kullanılan 67 adet iş makinesinden gürültü ölçümleri alınmış ve frekans-gürültü ilişkisi ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre paletli dozer ve lastik tekerlekli yükleyici operatörlerinin maruz kaldığı maksimum gürültü düzeyi büyük oranda düşük frekans aralığına, diğerleri orta frekans aralığına düşmektedir. Tüm iş makinesi operatörlerinin maruz kaldığı minimum gürültü düzeyleri yüksek frekans aralığındadır. Ölçüm yapılan iş makinelerinin maksimum gürültü düzeylerinin insan kulağının en hassas olduğu frekans aralığının dışında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İş makinelerinin oluşturduğu gürültü geniş frekans aralığında yer almaktadır. Gürültü düzeyleri, zamanla değişim ölçütüne göre sınıflandırıldığında ölçüm alınan tüm iş makineleri kararsız gürültü sınıfına girmektedir

Frequency-Noise Relation of Mining Machines

Though a normal human can hear sound in 20 Hz – 20000 Hz frequency range, he/she does not detect the same intensity at different frequencies in this interval. Therefore, when determining noise levels for human exposure, the noise frequency should also be taken into consideration. In this study noise measurements were taken and frequency-noise relations extracted from 67 units of mining machinery of different types and models used in six work sites in Sivas and neighbor provinces. According to study results the maximum noise level, to which crawled dozer and wheel loader operators are exposed, fall greatly in the low-frequency range while the others fall into the mediumfrequency range. The minimum noise levels, to which all mining equipment operators are exposed, fall into the high-frequency range. It is determined that the maximum noise levels of the mining machines sampled are outside the frequency range to which human ear is most sensitive. The noise that all mining equipment generated is located in the wide frequency range. When the noise levels are classified according to the criteria of change over time, all mining machines are characterized as unsteady

PDF

___

Alves, J.A., Silva, L.T., Remoaldo, P.C., 2015, “The Influence of Low-frequency Noise Pollution on the Quality of Life and Place in Sustainable Cities: A Case Study from Northern Portugal”, Sustainability, Vol. 7(10), pp. 13920-13946.
Badur, T., 1997, Gaziantep Kent Merkezinin Gürültü Haritası ve Gürültünün İşitsel Etkileri Üzerine Bir Çalışma, Uzmanlık Tezi, Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gaziantep.
Bilgili, S., Gürtepe, E., Türkel, E., Altınoluk, H.M., Hüsmen, N., Bütün, A., Ertorun, H., 2011, Çevresel Gürültü Ölçüm ve Değerlendirme Kılavuzu, Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Çevre Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü, Hava Yönetimi Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
BRD, Technical Discussion, BRD Noise and Vibration Control, Inc., https://hushcore.net/wpcontent/uploads/2016/09/General-Info.pdf, ziyaret tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2017.
Brüel and Kjaer, 1978, Architectural Acoustics, Brüel & Kjaer Sound & Vibration Measurement A/S, Nærum, Denmark. Brüel and Kjaer, 2001, Environmental Noise, Brüel & Kjaer Sound & Vibration Measurement A/S, Nærum, Denmark.
Chen, L., Brueck., S.E., 2011, Noise and Lead Exposures at an Outdoor Firing Range ─ California, Health Hazard Evaluation Report, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HETA 2011-0069-3140, Cincinnati, Ohio, A.B.D.
Driscoll, D. E., 2009, Noise – Measurement and its Effects, BP International Ltd, London, England, 2009.
Eleftheriou, P.C., 2002, “Industrial Noise and its Effects on Human Hearing”, Applied Acoustics, Vol. 63(1), pp. 35-42.
Ertürk, B., “Hidrolik Gürültü ve Azaltma Yöntemleri”, II. Ulusal Hidrolik Ve Pnömatik Kongresi ve Sergisi, İzmir, Türkiye, 213-236, 8-11 Kasım 2001.
Güler, Ç., Çobanoğlu, Z., 1994, Gürültü, Çevre Sağlığı Temel Kaynak Dizisi No. 19, TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Projesi Genel Koordinatörlüğü, TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, ISBN 975-7572-44-6, Ankara. Healthy Hearing, Studies Show Men are Affected by Hearing Loss more than Women, http://www.healthyhearing.com/report/50553, ziyaret tarihi: 31 Temmuz 2017.
Hu, Y., Tahmina, Q., Runge, C., Friedland, D. R., 2013, “The Perception of Telephone-Processed Speech by Combined Electric and Acoustic Stimulation”, Trends in Amplification, Vol. 17(3), pp. 189–196.
Hyrkäs, S., 2010, Comparison of Wideband Earpiece Integrations in Mobile Phone, Master of Science Thesis, Aalto University, School of Science and Technology, Espo, Finland.
ISO, 2003, Acoustics – Normal Equal Loudness Level Contours, International Organization for Standardization, 2nd edition ISO 226:2003(E), Geneva, Switzerland.
Kosała, K., Bartłomiej, S., 2016, “Analysis of Noise Pollution in an Andesite Quarry with the Use of Simulation Studies and Evaluation Indices”, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, Vol. 22(1), pp. 92-101.
Leventhall, G., 2003, A Review of Published Research on Low Frequency Noise and its Effects, Contract Report, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Defra Publications, London.
May, J.J., 2000, “Occupational Hearing Loss”, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 37, pp. 112- 120.
OSHA, 2017, OSHA Technical Manual TED 01-00-015: Noise, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, D.C., A.B.D.
Perala, C.H., 2006, Active Noise Reduction Headphone Measurement: Comparison of Physical and Psychophysical Protocols and Effects of Microphone Placement, Doctorate Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Industrial and Systems Engineering, A.B.D.
Reeves, E.R., Randolph, R.F., Yantek, D.S., Peterson, J.S., 2009, Noise Control in Underground Metal Mining, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Information Circular IC 9518, Pittsburgh, A.B.D.
Reinhold, K., Kalle, S., Paju, J., 2014, “Exposure to High or Low Frequency Noise at Workplaces: Differences between Assessment, Health Complaints and Implementation of Adequate Personal Protective Equipment”, Agronomy Research, Vol. 12(3), pp. 895-906.
Sharland, I., 1972, Fläkt Woods Practical Guide to Noise Control, Fläkt Woods Ltd., Colchester, England.
Starck, J., Toppila, E., Laitinen, H., Suvorov, G., Haritonov, V., Grishina, T., 2002, “The Attenuation of Hearing Protectors Against High-Level Industrial Impulse Noise: Comparison of Predicted and in situ Results”, Applied Acoustics, Vol. 63, pp. 1-8.
Svantek, 2017, SvanPC++ Software User’s Manual, SVANTEK SP. Z O.O., Warsaw, Poland. Testroete, E., Technical Training: Section 1 - Fundamentals of Noise, Vibration and Harshness, Course 472,
http://www.testroete.com/car/Toyota/mr2%20spyder/References/Technical%20Training/04%20- %20Noise,%20Vibration%20and%20Harness/02.pdf, ziyaret tarihi: 04 Ağustos 2017.
Waye, K.P., 2004, “Effects of Low Frequency Noise on Sleep”, Noise & Health, Vol. 6(23), pp. 87–91.