Merve ABAKLI İNCİ, Hazal ÖZER, Ümran KESKİN

Mineral Trioksit Agregat: Bir Literatür Derlemesi

Mineral trioksit agregat (MTA), esas olarak kalsiyum ve silikat elementlerinden oluşan biyoaktif endodontik bir simandır. 1990' larda Torabinejad tarafından tanıtılmış, 1997' de ise Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde kullanılmak üzere Gıda ve İlaç İdaresi (FDA) tarafından onaylanmıştır. MTA; sement gelişimine olanak tanıyan ve periodontal ligament hücrelerinde rejenerasyon sağlayan ilk restoratif materyaldir. Biyouyumlu bir materyal olan MTA, düşük sitotoksisiteye sahiptir. Apeks dışına taştığı durumlarda minimal inflamasyona neden olur. Odontoblastik tabaka oluşumu sayesinde dentin köprüsü oluşumunu indükler. Pulpal fibroblastlardan sitokin salınımını uyarır, bu da sert doku oluşumunu stimüle ederek hücrelerin hızlı büyümesini destekler. İlk olarak retrograd dolgu materyali olarak kullanılmaya başlayan MTA; daha sonra pulpa kuafaj tedavileri, iatrojenik ve furkasyon perforasyonlarının tamiri, retine süt dişlerinin kök kanal tedavisi, apeksifikasyon sırasında bariyer oluşturulması, devital beyazlatmada bariyer gibi çeşitli klinik uygulamalarda da kullanım alanı bulmuştur. MTA’ nın biyouyumluluk, sızdırmazlık, pulpa ve periradiküler dokuların rejenerasyonunu artırma kapasitesi gibi özellikleri; dental kullanım alanlarındaki çeşitliliği ve klinik başarı oranlarını artmasını sağlamış ve bu yenilikçi yapısıyla klinisyenlerin ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Dişte renk değişikliğine sebep olması ve sertleşme süresindeki değişiklikler başlıca dezavantajlarıdır. Yapılan in vitro çalışmalar başarılı sonuçlar vermiş olsa da; uzun dönem başarısının desteklenmesi amacıyla kontrollü klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu literatür derlemesinde, MTA’ nın fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri, klinik uygulama şekilleri ve güncel formülasyonları sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

biyouyumlu materyaller, kalsiyum hidroksit, mineral trioksid agregat, rejenerasyon

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