Biyomimetik poröz dental implantların konvansiyonel dental implantlarla statik, dinamik ve çarpma yükleme koşullarında davranışlarının karşılaştırılması (3 boyutlu sonlu eleman analizi)

Amaç: Kemiğe benzer elastik modül değerleri ve kemik dokusunun gelişimin izin vermesi sebebi ile biomimetik poröz yapılar, konvansiyonel implantların yerine önerilmiştir. Ancak, farklı porözite oranına ve porözitenin farklı bölgelerde bulunmasını simüle edecek sınırlı çalışma vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, konvansiyonel dental implantlar ile çeşitli bölgelerinde poröziteye sahip ve farklı miktarlarda porozite içeren dört farklı biyomimetik implant tasarımı etrafındaki kortikal ve spongioz kemik dokusunda meydana gelen stres dağılım düzeylerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 3 boyutlu sonlu eleman analizi için, üstçene posterior bölgede 2 adet implant üzerine yapılan 3 üyeli kanat uzantılı sabit bölümlü protez matematiksel olarak modellendi. Elde edilen model üzerine, dikey ve oblik uygulanmış; statik, dinamik ve çarpma yükleri uygulanmıştır. Vertikal yük olarak kronların merkezi fossaları üzerinde 300 N dikey yük uygulanmıştır. Oblik yüklemede her bir dişin fonksiyonel palatinal tüberkülüne 45 ° 'lik bir açı ile 50 N yük uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çarpma yüklerinde, distaldeki konvansiyonel implant üzerinde aşırı stres değerleri oluşmuştur (1030 MPa). Bu değer titanyum alaşımının (Ti-6Al-4V) nihai gerilme mukavemetinden (930 MPa) daha fazladır. Sonuçlar, tüm yüzeyi gözenekli ve orta üçlü bölümü gözenekli implantların tüm yükleme koşulları için distal implantta daha düşük stres değerleri gösterdiği şeklinde özetlenebilir. Sonuç: Stres dağılımı açısından; porözitenin yeri, porözite miktarından daha kritiktir. Çarpma yükleme, implant destekli protez için kritik bir parametredir. Biyomimetik poröz implantların tasarımı için çarpma yükünün gözlenmesi ve önlenmesi düşünülmelidir. Orta üçlüsü poröz biyomimetik implant tasarımı, çarpma yükleme stresini azaltmak için en başarılı tasarımdır.

Comparing static, dynamic and impact loading behavior of biomimetic porous dental implants with conventional dental implants (3d finite element analysis)

Background: Porous structures instead of bulk structures have been suggested for implants because porous structures have elactic modulus similar to natural bone and allow bone tissue ingrowth. But there are limited studies to simulate porous implants with different amount of porosity at different locations The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution levels at cortical and spongious bone tissue that occurred around commercially available dental implants and four different biomimetic implant design with various porous parts and porosity amounts.Methods: 3-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted using mathematical models of unilateral 3-unit cantilever fixed partial dentures (FPD) subjected to vertical and oblique rotated static, dynamic and impact occlusal loads. Vertical load of 300 N was applied to the model over the central fossa of the crowns. Oblique load of 50 N were applied per tooth over the functional palatinal tubercule at an angle of 45 °.Results: Impact loading conditions create excessive stress values at distal dense titanium implants (1030 MPa). This was more than the ultimate tensile strength of dense titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (930 MPa). It might be summarized as fully porous and middle section porous implants showed lower stress values at distal implant for all loading conditions.Conclusion: The location of porosity is more critical than the amount of porosity for stress distribution. The distributions of stress at implants and surrounding bone mainly depended on the location of the porosity. Impact loading is a critical parameter for implant-supported prosthesis. Observance and prevention of impact loading should be considered for designing biomimetic porous implants. The porous biomimetic implant design with porous middle sections was the most successful design to decrease impact loading stress.

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