VİRAL ENFEKSİYON İLE ENFEKTE OLAN GEBE KADINLARIN DENEYİMLERİ: NİTEL ARAŞTIRMA

Amaç: Bu çalışma viral enfeksiyonu (HIV, HBV ve HCV) olan gebe kadınların gebelik boyunca yaşadıkları deneyimleri derinlemesine irdemelek amacıyla planlandı. Yöntem: Bu çalışma fenomenolojik yöntemin kullanıldığı nitel araştırma deseninde olup evrenini bir üniversite hastanesinin servisinde tedavi gören HIV, HBV ve HCV’li gebe kadınlar oluşturdu. Çalışmaya viral enfeksiyon tanısı almış, psikiyatrik hastalığı ve iletişim güçlüğü olmayan 11 kadın amaçlı örneklem yöntemi ile dahil edildi. Görüşmeler araştırmacı tarafından yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile yaklaşık 30 – 45 dakikada toplandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 11 gebenin viral enfeksiyon tipleri incelendiğinde 8’i HBV(+), 2’si HIV (+), 1’İ ise HCV (+) olarak saptandı. Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 33.27±4.31 ve gebelik haftası ortalaması 34.90±2.54 olarak belirlendi. Kadınlar ile yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen görüşme notları kodlanarak konuya ilişkin altı ana tema ve alt temalar oluşturuldu. Bunlar; ilk tanı ve duygu/ hisler”, “tedavi/izlem/korunma”, “bilgi ve danışmanlık”, “eş, aile ve sosyal destek” ve “gebelik kararı”- dır. Alt temalarda ise destekleyen kaygı, üzüntü, damgalanma, şok, umut, heyecan gibi ana temaları destekleyen kodlar yer almaktadır. Sonuçlar ve Öneriler: Çalışma sonucunda, viral enfeksiyon tanısı alan gebeler şok, üzüntü, utanç ve damgalanma gibi olumsuz duygular yaşadığı belirlendi. Gebelere sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından tedavi süreci ve sonrası ile ilgili danışmanlık verilmesi gebelerin kaygılarının azalmasını ve gebeliğe ilişkin daha olumlu deneyimler yaşamasına neden olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gebelik, Hepatit B, Hepatit C, HIV

EXPERIENCES OF PREGNANT WOMEN INFECTED WITH VIRAL INFECTION: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Aim: This study was planned to scrutinize the experiences of pregnant women with viral infections (HIV, HBV and HCV) during pregnancy. Method: This study was in a qualitative research design in which the phenomenological method was used and the population consisted of pregnant women with HIV, HBV and HCV who were treated in a university hospital Eleven women with a diagnosis of viral infection, without psychiatric disease and communication difficulties, were included in the study using purposive sampling method. The interviews were collected by the researcher in approximately 30 – 45 minutes using the face-to-face interview technique. Results: When the viral infection types of 11 pregnant women included in the study were examined, 8 were found to be HBV (+), 2 as HIV (+), and 1 as HCV (+). The mean age of the pregnant women was 33.27±4.31 and the mean week of gestation was 34.90±2.54. Six main themes and sub-themes were created by coding the interview notes obtained from the interviews with women. These; first diagnosis and feelings/senses”, “treatment/follow-up/protection”, “information and counseling”, “spouse, family and social support” and “pregnancy decision”. In the sub-themes, there are codes that support the main themes such as anxiety, sadness, stigma, shock, hope, excitement. Conclusions and Suggestions: As a result of the study, it was determined that pregnant women diagnosed with viral infection experienced negative emotions such as shock, sadness, shame and stigma. Counseling pregnant women about the treatment process and afterward by health professionals has led to a decrease in the anxiety of pregnant women and more positive experiences about pregnancy.

Keywords:

Pregnancy, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV,

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