Orientations and Collaborative Learning and Its Implications on Higher Education

Bu çalışma, öğrencilerin kültürel yönelimleri ve işbirlikli öğrenmeye ilişkin davranışsal niyetleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, Planlı Davranış Teorisi temel alınarak bir araştırma modeli önerilmiş ve çalışmada test edilmiştir. Araştırma modeli, işbirlikli öğrenmeye yönelik tutum ve öznel normların bireycilik-toplulukçuluk yönelimleri ile açıklanabileceğini varsaymaktadır. Araştırma modelinin doğrulaması için 401 üniversite öğrencisinden anket yöntemiyle toplanan veriler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, toplulukçuluk yönelimleri ile işbirlikli öğrenmeye yönelik tutum ve öznel normlar arasında daha güçlü bir ilişki önermektedir. Bulgular, kültüre ve çalışmanın temellendirildiği teoriye istinaden tartışılmıştır. Araştırmacı ve uygulamacılara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur

An Investigation of the Relationship Between Cultural Orientations and Collaborative Learning and Its Implications on Higher Education

This study investigates the relationship between students’ cultural orientations and their behavioral intentions for collaborative learning. A research model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior is proposed and tested in the study. The research model hypothesizes that attitudes towards and subjective norms about collaborate learning are explained by individualistic-collectivistic orientations. Structural equation modelling is used to validate the research model based on the data collected through questionnaires from 401 undergraduate students. Results suggested the collectivistic orientations are more strongly related to the attitudes towards and subjective norms about collaborative learning. The findings were discussed with reference to culture and the theory on which the study is based. Implications for both researchers and practitioners were provided.

___

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
  • Anderson, J. A. (1988). Cognitive styles and multicultural populations. Journal of Teacher Education, 39(1), 2-9.
  • Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analytic re-view. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4) 471-499.
  • Arpaci, I., Baloğlu, M. (2016). The impact of cultural collectivism on knowledge sharing among infor-mation technology majoring undergraduates. Computers in Human Behavior, 56(3), 65-71. Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.031.
  • Banks, J. A. (1988). Ethnicity, class, cognitive, and motivational styles: Research and teaching implica-tions. Journal of Negro Education, 57(4), 452-466.
  • Bartlett, M. S. (1951). The effect of standardization on a χ2 approximation in factor analysis. Biometrika, 38(3/4), 337-344.
  • Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
  • Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness-of-fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
  • Berry, J. W. (1976). Human ecology and cognitive style: Comparative studies in psychological adaptation. New York: Sage-Halstead.
  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
  • Burchell, S., Clubb, C., Hopwood, A., Hughes, J., & Nahapiet, J. (1980). The roles of accounting in or-ganizations and society. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 5(1), 5-27.
  • Cole, M., Gay, J., Glick, J, & Sharp, D. W. (1971). The cultural context of learning and thinking. New York: Basic Books.
  • Cooper, G. (1980). Different ways of thinking. Minority Education, 2(5), 1-4.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative approaches to research (2nd Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Pearson Education.
  • Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and re-search. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Gutiérrez, K. D., Baquedano‐López, P., Alvarez, H. H., & Chiu, M. M. (1999). Building a culture of col-laboration through hybrid language practices. Theory into Practice, 38(2), 87-93.
  • Hair, J. F., Tatham, R. L., Anderson, R. E., & Black, W. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Hall, E. (1976). Beyond culture. New York: Anchor Press.
  • Hall, E. (1983). The dance of life: The other dimension of time. Garden City: Anchor Press/Doubleday.
  • Hickson, J., Land, A. J., & Aikman, G. (1994). Learning style differences in middle school pupils from four ethnic backgrounds. School Psychology International, 15(4), 349-359.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills and London: Sage Publications.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. H. (1988). The Confucius connection from cultural roots to economic growth. Organizational Dynamism, 16(4), 4-18.
  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind: Inter-cultural cooperation and its importance for survival. McGraw-Hill USA, New York.
  • Hoyle, R. H. (1995). The structural equation modeling approach: Basic concepts and fundamental is-sues. In Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications, R. H. Hoyle (editor). Thou-sand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., pp. 1-15.
  • Hutchinson, M., & Gul, F. A. (1998). The interactive effects of extroversion/introversion traits and col-lectivism/individualism cultural beliefs on student group learning preferences. Journal of Ac-counting Education, 15(1), 95-107.
  • İmamoğlu, E. O. (1998). Individualism and collectivism in a model and scale of balanced differentia-tion and integration. The Journal of Psychology, 132(1), 95-105.
  • İmamoğlu, E. O. (2003). Individuation and relatedness: Not opposing but distinct and complementary. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 129(4), 367-402.
  • Jermier, J. M., Slocum Jr, J. W., Fry, L. W., & Gaines, J. (1991). Organizational subcultures in a soft bu-reaucracy: Resistance behind the myth and facade of an official culture. Organization science, 2(2), 170-194.
  • Joy, S., & Kolb, D. A. (2009). Are there cultural differences in learning style? International Journal of In-tercultural Relations, 33(1), 69-85.
  • Kâğıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1987). Individualism and collectivism, a universal dimension? In Kâğıtçıbaşı, Ç. (Ed.), Growth and progress in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 76-77). Lisse, Holland: Swets & Zeitlinger.
  • Kâğıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1990). İnsan-Aile-Kültür. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Kâğıtçıbaşı, C. (2002). Psychology and human competence development. Applied Psychology, 51(1), 5-22.
  • Kâğıtçıbaşı, C. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 403-422.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1970). A second generation little jiffy. Psychometrika, 35(4), 401-415.
  • Karahanna, E., Evaristo, J. R., & Srite, M. (2006). Levels of culture and individual behavior: An integra-tive perspective. Journal of Global Information Management, 13(2), 1‐20.
  • Kim, U. E., Triandis, H. C., Kâğıtçıbaşı, Ç. E., Choi, S. C. E., & Yoon, G. E. (1994). Individualism and collec-tivism: Theory, method, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications.
  • Kitayama, S., & Cohen, D. (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of cultural psychology. Guilford Press.
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd Ed.). New York: The Guil-ford Press.
  • Kolb, A. Y., & Kolb, D. A. (2005). Learning styles and learning spaces: Enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 4(2), 193-212.
  • Leech, N. L., Barrett, K. C., & Morgan, G. A. (2005). SPSS for intermediate statistics: Use and interpretation (2nd Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological bulletin, 103(3), 391-410.
  • McDonald, R. P., & Moon-Ho, R. H. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analysis. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 64-82.
  • More, A. J. (1990). Learning Styles of Native Americans and Asians. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychology Association (98th, Boston, MA, August 13, 1990).
  • Morris, M. H., Davis, D. L., & Allen, J. W. (1994). Fostering corporate entrepreneurship: Cross-cultural comparisons of the importance of individualism versus collectivism. Journal of International Business Studies, 25, 65-89.
  • Olaniran, B. A. (2009). Culture, learning styles, and Web 2.0. Interactive Learning Environments, 17(4), 261-271.
  • Parsons, T., & Shils, E. A. (1951). Towards a general theory of action. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Roschelle, J. & Teasley S. D. (1995). The construction of shared knowledge in collaborative problem solving. In C. E. O’Malley (Ed.), Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (pp. 69-197). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • Scherer, R. F., Wiebe, F. A., Luther, D. C., & Adams, J. S. (1988). Dimensionality of coping: Factor stabil-ity using the ways of coping questionnaire. Psychological Reports, 62, 763-770.
  • Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D. P., & Gelfand, M. J. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimen-sions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-cultural Research, 29(3), 240-275.
  • Smith, P. B. & Schwartz, S. H. (1997). Values. In Berry J. W., Segall M. H., & Kâğıtçıbaşı, C. (Eds.), Social Behavior and Applications: Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 3(2), Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3(6), 49-74.
  • Swisher, K., & Deyhle, D. (1989). The Styles of Learning Are Different, but the Teaching Is Just the Same: Suggestions for Teachers of American Indian Youth. Journal of American Indian Education, Special Issue, 1-14.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Triandis, H. C. (2001). Individualism and collectivism: Past, present, and future. In D. Matsumoto (Ed.), the handbook of culture and psychology (pp. 35-50). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Trompenaars, A. & Hampden-Turner, C. (1993). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding cultural diver-sity in business. London: Nicholas Brealey.
  • Yamazaki, Y. (2005). Learning styles and typologies of cultural differences: A theoretical and empirical comparison. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(5), 521-548.