Mechanochemical Conversion of Domestic Celestite Mineral to SrC2O4 in The Ammonium Oxalate Media

The main raw material used in the production of Sr metal and its compounds is SrSO4 (celestite) mineral and Turkey has valuable Sr mineral deposits. One of the important steps in the production of Sr compounds is the production of strontium oxalate compound that does not contain alkali compounds as contamination. Strontium is used as a primary raw material in the production of oxalate superconducting material and luminescence. In this study, in situ conversion of SrSO4 into SrC2O4.H2O by ammonium oxalate is investigated and the effects of rotational speed, ball / sample ratio and (NH4)2C2O4 / SrSO4 mole ratio on the conversion reaction were determined. It was found that the conversion of SrSO4 to SrC2O4.H2O was increased with increasing mole ratio of (NH4)2C2O4 to SrSO4. The maximum conversion, above 70 %, was achieved by using (NH4)2C2O4 / SrSO4 mole ratio: 1.5, rotation speed: 500 rpm and ball / sample ratio: 13.

PDF

___

MTA, “Sivas ili maden ve enerji kaynakları,” Retrieved 17 September 2018, fromhttp://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/sayfalar/bi lgimerkezi/maden_potansiyel_2010/sivas_ madenler.pdf. 2010.

M. Iwai and J.M. Toguri, “The leaching of celestite in sodium carbonate solution,” Hydrometallurgy, vol. 22, no. 1–2, pp. 87– 100, 1989.

A.H. Castillejos, B. De La Cruz Del and S. Uribe, “The direct conversion of celestite to strontium carbonate in sodium carbonate aqueous media,” Hydrometallurgy, vol. 40, no. 1–2, pp. 207–222, 1996.

E. Knaepen, J. Mullens, J. Yperman and L.C. Van Poucke, “Preparation and thermal decomposition of various forms of strontium oxalate1”. Thermochim. Acta, vol. 284, no. 1, pp. 213–227, 1996.

A.N. Chritensen and R.G. Hazell, “Thermal analysis and crystal structure of tetragonal strontium oxalate dehydrate and of triclinic strontium oxalate hydrate,” Acta Chem. Scandin., vol. 52, pp. 508–512, 1998.

D. Dollimore, “The thermal analysis of strontium oxalate,” Thermochimica Acta, vol. 92, no. 15, pp. 543–546, 1985.

A.K. Kobe and N.J. Deiglmeier, “Conversion from strontium sulfate by metathesis with alkali carbonate solution,” Ind. and Eng. Chem., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 323–325, 1943.

A. Obut, P. Balaz and I. Girgin I, “Direct mechanochemical conversion of celestite to SrCO3,” Miner. Eng., vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 1185–1190, 2006.

M. Erdemoglu, S. Aydogan and M. Canbazoglu, “A kinetic study on the conversion of celestite (SrSO4) to SrCO3 by mechanochemical processing, Hydrometallurgy, vol. 86, no. 1–2, pp.1–5, 2007.

N. Setoudeh, N.J. Welham and S.M. Azami, “Dry mechanochemical conversion of SrSO4 to SrCO3,”. J. Alloys Compd., vol. 492, no. 1–2, pp. 389–391, 2010.

D. Bingol, S. Aydogan and S.K. Bozbaş, “Optimization of the wet mechanochemical process conditions of SrSO4 to SrCO3 and (NH4)2SO4 by using response surface methodology,” Metall. Trans. B, vol. 43B, pp. 1214–1219, 2012.

D. Bingol, S. Aydogan and S.K. Bozbaş, “Production of SrCO3 and (NH4)2SO4 by dry mechanochemical processing of celestite,” J. Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 834–838, 2012.

Q. Zhang and F. Saito, “Mechanochemical processing of celestine,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 66, no: 1, pp. 79–82, 1997.

N. Steoudeh and N.J. Welham, “Ball milling induced reduction of SrSO4 by Al,” Int. J. Miner. Process., vol. 98, no: 3–4, pp. 214–218, 2011.

N. Steoudeh and N.J. Welham, “Ball milling induced reduction of SrSO4 by Mg,” Int. J. Miner. Process., vol. 104, pp. 49–52, 2012.

A.S. Selim and M. Abd-El-Khalik, “Thermal decomposition of strontium oxalate-effect of various atmospheres,” Powder Technol., vol. 20, no: 1, pp. 53–59, 1978.

D. J. Price, A.K. Powell and P.T. Wood, Hydrothermal crystallisation and X-ray structure of anhydrous strontium oxalate., Polyhedron, vol. 18, no: 19, pp. 2499–2503, 1999.

E. D. Bacce, A.M. Pires, M.R. Davalos and M. Jacelicci Jr, “Thermal decomposition and rehydration of strontium oxalate: morphological evolution,” Int. J. Inorg. Mater., vol. 3, no: 6, pp. 443–452, 2001.

D. Zhang, L. Qi, J. Ma and H. Cheng, “Biomimetic growth of strontium oxalate aggregates with unusual morphologies in the presence of poly(methacrylic acid),” Cryst. Eng. Comm., vol. 4, no: 88, pp. 536- 538, 2002.

J. Yu, H. Tang and B. Cheng, “Morphological control of strontium oxalate particles by PSMA-mediated precipitation reaction,” Mater. Chem. Phys., vol. 9, no: 1, pp. 134–139, 2005.

A. Obut, “Interaction of celestine concentrate and reagent grade SrSO4 with oxalate solution,” Acta Montan. Slovaca, vol. 17, no: 2, pp. 126–131, 2012.

J. Torres, J. Mendez and M. Sukiennik, “Transformation enthalpy of alkali-earth sulfates (SrSO4, CaSO4, MgSO4, BaSO4),” Thermochim. Acta, vol. 334, no: 1–2, pp. 57–66, 1999.