SİNAN ERDOĞAN, MUSTAFA KEMAL BALKİ, CENK SAYIN

Determination of Fuel Type for Optimal Performance and Emission in a CI Engine Used Biodiesel and its Blends via Multi-Criteria Decision Making

In this study, fuel type which provides optimum performance and emission in compression ignition (CI) engine used alternative fuel was determined by COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) in multicriteria decision making (MCDM), and it was ranked from good to bad. Furthermore, the engine performance and emission consequences obtained from the use of fuels are discussed. In the experiments, pure biodiesel, diesel, and biodiesel/diesel blend fuels at a ratio of 5, 20 and 50% by volume were used as an alternative fuel. The performance and exhaust emission characteristics of the engine have been obtained in the tests performed at 7.2 kW power output and 1500 rpm of the constant engine speed. According to experimental results, with the uptrend of the biodiesel ratio in the blended fuel, it has been observed that while the specific fuel consumption (SFC) is enhanced to diesel, the thermal efficiency (η) is partially reduced. At the same time, the emissions of the nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased while the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission enhanced. According to the COPRAS method, the ranking of fuels from best to worst was calculated as B5>B20>B50>B0>B100.

PDF

___

2018 Outlook for energy: A view to 2040. Exxon Mobil Corporation, 2018.

S. Imtenan, H. Masjuki, M. Varman, I. R. Fattah, H. Sajjad, and M. Arbab, “Effect of n-butanol and diethyl ether as oxygenated additives on combustion–emissionperformance characteristics of a multiple cylinder diesel engine fuelled with diesel– jatropha biodiesel blend,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 94, pp. 84–94, 2015.

G. Labeckas and S. Slavinskas, “The effect of rapeseed oil methyl ester on direct injection Diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 47, no. 13-14, pp. 1954– 1967, 2006.

N. Ladommatos, S. M. Adelhalim, H. Zhao, and Z. Hu, “The effects of carbon dioxide in exhaust gas recirculation on diesel engine emissions,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, vol. 212, no. 1, pp. 25–42, 1998.

Y.-C. Lin, W.-J. Lee, and H.-C. Hou, “PAH emissions and energy efficiency of palmbiodiesel blends fueled on diesel generator,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 40, no. 21, pp. 3930–3940, 2006.

M. Aldhaidhawi, R. Chiriac, and V. Badescu, “Ignition delay, combustion and emission characteristics of Diesel engine fueled with rapeseed biodiesel – A literature review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 73, pp. 178–186, 2017.

E. Nwokoagbara, A. K. Olaleye, and M. Wang, “Biodiesel from microalgae: The use of multi-criteria decision analysis for strain selection,” Fuel, vol. 159, pp. 241–249, 2015.

S. Durairaj, “Multi - Criteria Decision Model For Biodiesel Selection In An Electrical Power Generator Based On Fahp- Gra-Topsis,” International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, vol. 03, no. 23, pp. 226–233, 2014.

S. Erdoğan, M. K. Balki, S. Aydın, and C. Sayin, “The best fuel selection with hybrid multiple-criteria decision making approaches in a CI engine fueled with their blends and pure biodiesels produced from different sources,” Renewable Energy, vol. 134, pp. 653–668, 2019.

A. Yazdani-Chamzini, M. M. Fouladgar, E. K. Zavadskas, and S. H. H. Moini, “Selecting the optimal renewable energy using multi criteria decision making,” Journal of Business Economics and Management, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 957–978, 2013.

P. Chatterjee and S. Chakraborty, “Materials selection using COPRAS and COPRAS-G methods,” International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity, vol. 6, no. 2/3/4, p. 111, 2012.

H. A. Rosa, W. T. Wazilewski, D. Secco, L. I. Chaves, G. Veloso, S. N. M. D. Souza, M. J. D. Silva, and R. F. Santos, “Biodiesel produced from crambe oil in Brazil—A study of performance and emissions in a diesel cycle engine generator,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 38, pp. 651–655, 2014.

C. Sayin, M. Gumus, and M. Canakci, “Effect of fuel injection pressure on the injection, combustion and performance characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with canola oil methyl esters-diesel fuel blends,” Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 46, pp. 435–446, 2012.

A. Ashraful, H. Masjuki, M. Kalam, I. R. Fattah, S. Imtenan, S. Shahir, and H. Mobarak, “Production and comparison of fuel properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics of biodiesel from various non-edible vegetable oils: A review,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 80, pp. 202–228, 2014.

S. Aydın and C. Sayın, “Impact of thermal barrier coating application on the combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel–diesel blends,” Fuel, vol. 136, pp. 334–340, 2014.

E. Zavadskas, A. Kaklauskas, and Z. Turskis, “Multicriteria decision-making system for building refurbishment,” Statyba, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 62–68, 1997.

A. Kaklauskas, E. K. Zavadskas, and S. Raslanas, “Multivariant design and multiple criteria analysis of building refurbishments,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 361–372, 2005.

D. Pamucar, D. Bozanic, and A. Randjelovic, “Multi-criteria decision making: An example of sensitivity analysis,” Serbian Journal of Management, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–27, 2017.