Isıl konfor sıcaklıklarına bağlı olarak bir konutun enerji performansının değerlendirmesi: İzmir örneği
Türkiye’de enerji tüketiminin yaklaşık %34’ü binalarda ve bunun %85 kadarı da ısıtma ve soğutma amaçlı kullanılmaktadır. Binalarda bulunan HVAC sistemlerinin işletme özellikleri, hem binanın ısıl konforunu hem de enerji tüketimlerini doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, HVAC sistemlerinin işletme şartlarının, ısıl konfor koşulları ile enerji tüketimlerine olan etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla İzmir ilindeki 100 m2’lik bir konut için öngörülen HVAC sisteminin kesikli ve sürekli rejimde, tek ve çift sıcaklık set değerleri ile tam mekanik kontrollü veya doğal havalandırmalı olarak çalıştırılması durumları incelenmiştir. Isıl konfordan olan memnuniyet; Tahmini Ortalama Oy (Predicted Mean Vote - PMV) değeri ile ifade edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle, Design Builder yazılımı kullanılarak en iyi duruma karşılık gelen PMV=0’a göre HVAC sisteminin set sıcaklıları belirlenmiştir. Bu sıcaklık set değerlerinin kullanılması ile ele alınan 5 farklı durumda konut için yıllık birim ısıtma/soğutma enerji tüketimleri, birim birincil enerji tüketimi, yıl boyunca ailenin evde bulunduğu saatlerde sağlanan PMV değerleri ve PMV değerlerinin istatistiksel değerlendirilmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, incelenen 5 durum arasında normal beklenti seviyesinde % 99,6 kümülatif frekans yüzdesi ile ısıl konforu en çok sağlayan tam mekanik kontrollü, sürekli rejim, aylık çift ısıtma/soğutma operatif sıcaklık set değerli durumdur. Tam mekanik kontrollü, kesikli rejim, aylık tek ısıtma/soğutma hava sıcaklığı set değerli durum ise 2,04 kWh/m2/%KF birim memnuniyet enerji tüketimi değeri ile en az enerji tüketen durum olmaktadır.
Energy performance assessment of a residential house based on thermal comfort temperatures: Izmir sample
34% of the energy consumption in Turkey belongs to buildings and around 85% of this consumption is utilized for heating purposes. The operating characteristics of the HVAC systems in buildings directly affect both the building's thermal comfort and energy consumption. This study aims to determine the effect of operating conditions of the HVAC system on thermal comfort and energy consumption of residential buildings. For this purpose, the HVAC system for a 100 sqm residence in İzmir city has been investigated according to the single and double temperature set values at continues and intermittent operating modes for fully mechanically control or natural ventilation conditions. Thermal comfort satisfaction is expressed by PMV value. In this context, primarily the set temperatures of the HVAC system are determined for PMV = 0 which represents the best case of thermal comfort by using Design Builder software. Annual specific heating/cooling energy consumption, annual primer specific energy consumption, hourly PMV values during occupancy hours and statistical evaluation of these PMV values of a residential house are realized for considered 5 different operating conditions of HVAC system by using determined temperature set values. According to the obtained results, among 5 cases, the case with fully mechanical controlled, continuous regime, monthly dual heating/cooling operative set values, provides the maximum thermal comfort for normal expectation level of the thermal comfort with a cumulative frequency of 99.6%. The case, with fully mechanical controlled, intermittent regime, monthly single heating/cooling operative set values, consumes the minimum energy with specific satisfaction energy consumption of 2.04 kWh/m2/%KF.
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