Biomedical applications of polyglycolic acid (PGA)

Biodegradable polymers have a great potential and widely used in biomedical applications due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Biodegradable polymers contain hydrolytically unstable functional groups (such as esters, anhydrides and etc.) in their backbone. These hydrolytically unstable functional groups can be hydrolyzed, or eaten by microorganisms, and degradability happens. Biodegradable polymers can be effectively used for several biomedical applications such as drug delivery, dental, orthopedic and tissue engineering. Polyglycolic acid (PGA) is a desired material for physicians due to its excellent degradation behaviour. However, limited research based on PGA polymers has been studied in biomedical applications due to insolubility of PGA in most of the solvents and rapid degradation of PGA. This review will focus on the improvements made in the development of hydrolytically degradable PGA in biomedical fields.

Poliglikolik Asit’ in (PGA) Biyomedikal uygulamaları

Biyobozunur polimerler, biyobozunurluk ve biyouyumluluk özelliklerinden dolayı biyomedikal uygulamalarda büyük potansiyele sahip olup yaygın şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Biyobozunur polimerler yapılarında hidrolitik olarak kararsız fonksiyonel gruplar (örneğin, esterler, anhidritler vd.) içerirler. Bu hidrolitik olarak kararsız gruplar kolayca hidroliz olabilmekte, veya mikroorganizmalar tarafından yenilebilmektedir. Bu sayede polimerlerin bozunması gerçekleşir. Biyobozunur polimerler birçok biyomedikal alanda (örneğin; ilaç salınımı, dişçilik, ortopedi, ve doku mühendisliği) etkili bir biçimde kullanılabilmektedir. Poliglikolik asit (PGA) oldukça iyi bozunma davranışından dolayı tıp alanında yaygın şekilde kullanılan bir materyaldir. Ancak, PGA polimerlerinin biyomedikal uygulamaları alanında sınırlı sayıda araştırma mevcuttur. PGA birçok çözücü içerisinde çözünememekte ve hızlı bir şekilde bozunmaya uğramaktadır. Bu derleme hidrolitik olarak bozunabilen PGA’ nın biyomedikal alanda kullanımındaki yenilikleri açıklayacaktır.

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