TEORİDE HAZIRLANAN RASYONLARIN PRATİK UYGULAMADAKİ VARYASYONLARININ ALTI SİGMA METODOLOJİSİ İLE ARAŞTIRILMASI; 2-TMR RASYONLARINDA KULLANILAN YEM HAMMADDELERİNDEKİ BESİN MADDE DEĞİŞKENLİKLERİN BİR SÜT SIĞIRI ÇİFTLİĞİ ÖRNEĞİNDE İNCELENMESİ

Bu araştırma, yaklaşık 1.500 sağmal kapasiteye sahip büyük ölçekli bir süt sığırı çiftliğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, yem hammaddelerindeki besin madde değişkenlikleri ve bu değişkenliklerin örnek bir toplam karışım rasyonunda (TMR) besin madde hesaplamalarındaki olası etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, TMR’lerde kullanılan 14 farklı yem hammaddesinin (arpa-ayçiçeği tohumu küspesi-buğday kepeği-çayır otu-çiğit-fiğ hububat otu-fiğ hububat otu silajı-malt posası-dane mısır-mısır silajı-pamuk tohumu küspesi-soya fasulyesi küspesi-yonca-yonca silajı) besin madde yönünden kimyasal analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda yem hammaddelerinden, farklı zamanlarda ve sayılarda (toplam 302 adet) olmak üzere, kuru madde (KM), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), ham kül (HK), asit deterjan lignin (ADL), asit deterjan fiber (ADF), nötral deterjan fiber (NDF), asit deterjan ve nötral deterjanda çözünmeyen protein (ADICP, NDICP) analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler altı sigma yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; deneme süresince (6 ay) her bir hammaddenin kendi içerisinde, besin madde değerleri bakımından önemli seviyelerde değişkenlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu değişimlere bağlı olarak, TMR’lerin besin madde hesaplamalarının önemli derecede etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle rasyonlarda kullanılan hammaddeler, belirli aralıklarla analiz edilmeli, hammaddeler besin madde değerlerine göre işletmeye alınmalı ve TMR çözümlemeleri yapılırken olası besin madde varyasyonları dikkate alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

TMR, yem hammaddesi, besin madde değişkenliği, süt sığırı

VARIATION COMPARISON OF THEORETICALLY PREPARED DIETS TO THE DIETS PRACTICALLY SERVED TO CATTLE USING SIX SIGMA METHODS; 2-INVESTIGATION OF NUTRIENT VARIATIONS IN FEEDSTUFFS IN TMR RATIONS ONE EXAMPLE ON DAIRY FARM

This research was carried out in a large-scale dairy cattle breeding complex with about 1.500 milking capacities. Within the scope of the study, changes in the total mixture ratios (TMR) due to nutrient variations in feedstuffs were examined. For this purpose, it is aimed to investigate the effects of 14 different feedstuffs (barley, sunflower seed meal, wheat bran, meadow, cotton seed whole, vetch cereal hay, vetch cereal silage, brewer grain, corn grain, corn silage, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, alfalfa, alfalfa silage) nutrient analyzes were carried out. At different times and in different numbers (302 in total) from each feed raw material, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA), acid detergent lignin (ADL), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid and neutral detergent insoluble protein (ADICP, NDICP) analyzes were performed. The obtained data were analyzed through six sigma approach. As a result, it was determined that during the trial (6 months), each raw material varied in levels important in nutritional value within itself. Based on these changes, it has been found that the nutrient content of TMR mixtures is also significantly affected. For this reason, the raw materials used in the rations must be analyzed periodically, raw materials should be placed in storage considering the nutrient values and possible variations should be considered when TMR analyzes are being conducted.

Keywords:

TMR, feedstuff, nutrient variability, dairy cattle,

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