Psikoloji Öğrencilerinin Kariyer Uyum Yetenekleri: Demografik Faktörler, Kişilik ve Pozitif Psikolojik Sermayenin Rolü

Psikoloji lisans programlarının sayısında ve mevcut programların kontenjanlarındaki artış psikoloji öğrencileri için mezuniyet sonrası kariyer fırsatları açısından rekabetin artması anlamına gelmektedir. Rekabetin arttığı koşullarda kişinin iş bulabilmesi, kariyer başarısı ve memnuniyeti gibi faktörler açısından sahip olduğu kariyer uyum yeteneği önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırma kapsamında, İstanbul’da eğitimlerine devam eden 355 psikoloji lisans öğrencisinin katılımıyla, kariyer yapılandırma kuramının varsayımlarından yola çıkılarak oluşturulan araştırma modeli test edilmiştir. Bu model çerçevesinde katılımcıların ailelerinin sosyoekonomik statüleri ve yetiştikleri ortam ile ilişkili bazı demografik değişkenlerin, kişilik özelliklerinin ve pozitif psikolojik sermayenin kariyer uyum yeteneği üzerindeki yordayıcılığı ve bu ilişkilerde pozitif psikolojik sermayenin aracılık rolü incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde demografik değişkenlerden katılımcının yaşamının çoğunu geçirdiği yerin idari büyüklüğünün kariyer uyum yeteneğini düşük ancak pozitif yönde, babanın eğitim düzeyinin de yine düşük ancak negatif yönde yordadığı gözlenmiştir. Kişilik özelliklerinden deneyime açıklığın, özdisiplinin, dışa dönüklüğün ve uyumluluğun kariyer uyum yeteneğini pozitif yönde, nevrotikliğin ise negatif yönde yordadığı; ayrıca pozitif psikolojik sermayenin beş kişilik faktörü ve kariyer uyum yeteneği arasındaki ilişkilerde aracı değişken olduğu bulunmuştur. Bütün değişkenler dikkate alındığında kariyer uyum yeteneği üzerinde açıklayıcılığı en yüksek olan değişken pozitif psikolojik sermayedir. Bu nedenle üniversite eğitimi sürecinde kariyer merkezleri tarafından öğrencilerin pozitif psikolojik kaynaklarının geliştirilmesine yönelik yatırımlar yapılması gençlerin çalışma hayatına hazırlanması açısından iyi bir strateji olabilir. Kariyer yapılandırma sürecinde demografik faktörlerin etkisini anlayabilmek için katılımcıların orta ve lise eğitimine ilişkin değişkenlerin; ailenin etkisini anlayabilmek için de ebeveynlerin kişilik özellikleri, ailenin kariyere verdiği önem ve çocuklara atfedilen değer gibi değişkenlerin yapılacak araştırmalara dâhil edilmesi önerilir. Test edilen kuramsal modele ilaveten, katılımcıların kariyer hedeflerine ilişkin betimsel veriler de incelenmiş ve katılımcıların %97.2’sinin yüksek lisans yapmayı planladığı, %54.6’sının klinik psikoloji alanında uzmanlaşmayı istediği gözlenmiştir. Lisans kontenjanlarına kıyasla yüksek lisans kontenjanlarının azlığı dikkate alındığında bu bulgu, katılımcıların önemli bir kısmının mezuniyet sonrası kariyerlerini yönetirken daha esnek davranması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kariyer uyum yeteneği, beş faktör kişilik modeli, demografik değişkenler, pozitif psikolojik sermaye, kariyer hedefleri

The Career Adaptability of Psychology Students: The roles of Demographic Variables, Personality, and Positive Psychological Capital

The growing number of psychology undergraduate programs and increased quotas for existing programs mean increased competition among psychology students for post-graduation career opportunities. Career adaptability becomes an important factor for a person’s employability, career success, and satisfaction under competitive conditions. This study tests a research model formed based on career construction theory with the participation of 355 psychology undergraduates from Istanbul. This model examines participants’ demographic variables regarding their family’s socioeconomic status, childhood environment, personality traits, and positive psychological capital (PsyCap) as antecedents of career adaptability as well as PsyCap’s mediating role in these associations. The results show that, regarding demographic variables, the administrative size of the place where participants spent most of their life positively predicts career adaptability at a low level. Father’s education level was found to have a small negative effect on career adaptability. Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, and agreeableness are the personality traits that positively predict career adaptability, while neuroticism negatively does. PsyCap acts as a mediator between the five personality traits and career adaptability. Among all the variables, the strongest predictor of career adaptability is PsyCap. As such, making investments in developing university students’ positive psychological resources using university career centers would be a better strategy for preparing young adults for work life. Future studies are recommended to include demographic variables related to middle and high school education and family-related variables such as parents’ personalities, family’s career orientations, and values attributed to children in order to better understand the roles demographic and family-related variables have on career construction. In addition to the theoretical model, data pertaining to the participants’ career objectives were also analyzed. The analysis results reveal 97.2% of the participants to be planning to apply for a master’s degree and 54.6% to have declared pursuing a career in clinical psychology. Considering the scarcity of postgraduate quotas compared to undergraduate quotas, this finding indicates that a significant portion of the participants should be more flexible in managing their post-graduate careers.

Keywords:

Career adaptability, big five personality traits, demographic variables, positive psychological capital, career objectives,

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