Gülcan GÜLEÇ, Ferdi KÖŞGER, Altan EŞSİZOĞLU

DSM-5'te Alkol ve Madde Kullanım Bozuklukları

DSM-5’te alkol madde kullanımı ile ilgili bozukluklar ile ilgili en göze çarpan değişiklik “bağımlılık bozuklukları olarak yeni oluşturulan kategoridir. Bu kategoride şimdilik sadece kumar oynama bozukluğu tanımlanmıştır. Belki de DSM-5’teki değişiklikler arasında en çok ses getirecek olan da budur. Çünkü tanı ölçütlerini genişletme ‘normal’ olan günlük davranışların bozukluk olarak değer-lendirilmesine neden olabilir. Ayrıca kafein ve kannabis yoksunluğu da DSM-5’te tanımlanmıştır. DSM-IV’te madde ile ilişkili bozukluklar başlığı altında toplanan bozukluklar DSM-5’te madde ile ilişkili ve bağımlılık bozuklukları adı altında toplanmıştır. Madde kötüye kullanımı ve madde bağımlı-lığı “madde kullanım bozuklukları” başlığı altında birleştirilmiştir. Madde kötüye kullanımındaki “yasal sorunlar yaşama” ölçütü çıkarılmış “aşerme ya da madde kullanımına yönelik güçlü bir istek ya da dürtü” ölçütü getirilmiştir. DSM-5’te kötüye kulanım kavramı artık hafif şiddette madde kullanım bozukluğu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yeni ölçütlerle bağımlılık oranlarında bir değişiklik olup olma-yacağı yapılacak çalışmalarla takip edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

DSM-5, bağımlılık, davranışsal bağımlılık

Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders in DSM-5

When we compare the categories about alcohol, and substance-related disorders in DSM-IV and DSM-5, the new category, named addictive disorders is the most striking change. Only gambling disorder have been identified currently in this category. This may be the most remarkable change among the changes in the DSM-5. Because the expansion of the existing diagnostic criteria may cause the assessment of ‘normal behavior’ as a disorder. Additionally, withdrawal of caffeine and cannabis are defined in the DSM-5. Disorders collected under the title of substance-related disorders in the DSM-IV were collected under the name of substance-related and addictive disorders in the DSM-5. Specific criterias for substance abuse and substance addiction have been combined into the name of "substance use disorders". In substance abuse, "experienced legal problems" criteria was removed and "a strong desire or urge or craving for substance use" criteria has been introduced. Henceforth, substance abuse is defined as a mild form of substance use disorders in the DSM-5. A change in the prevalence of substance use disorders should be investigated by the new researches.

Keywords:

DSM-5, addiction, behavioral dependence,

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