Yoksulluk Paradigmalarının Evrimi: Tarihsel ve Kavramsal Bir İnceleme

Yoksulluk yalnızca ekonomik bir fenomen değil, aynı zamanda sosyal, politik ve kültürel boyutları olan karmaşık bir yapıdır. Modernleşme süreciyle topraklarından uzak kalan insanlar maddi yoksulluğun yanında sosyal ve kültürel anlamda da yoksullaşmıştır. Yoksulluk geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de önemini koruyan bir konsepttir. Yoksulluk bir çok alanın ortak araştırma konusu olduğundan süreç içerisinde sürekli olarak değişen ve gelişen bir kavramdır. Çalışmada geçmişten günümüze yoksulluğun tarihsel arka planı ele alınmış ve modern yoksulluk teorileri incelenmiştir. Yoksulluk kavramının salt bir parasızlık durumu olmadığı; yoksulluğun çok çeşitli sosyo ekonomik faktörleri barındırdığı belirtilmiştir. Yoksulluğun belirli bir gelir seviyesinin altında kalındığında oluşan bir durum olmadığı bireyin sosyal ve ekonomik çevrenin tamamen ya da kısmen dışında kalmasının, çalışmasına rağmen yeterli gelire ulaşamamasının, kendini gerçekleştirebilmesi adına fırsatlara sahip olamaması ya da bu fırsatları değerlendirebilecek ortama sahip olmamasının da yoksulluk kavramı çerçevesinde ele alınması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yoksulluk, Kavramsal evrim, Mutlak yoksulluk, Göreli Yoksulluk, İnsani Yoksulluk

Evolution of Poverty Paradigms: A Historical and Conceptual Examination

Poverty is not only an economic phenomenon but also a complex structure with social, political, and cultural dimensions. As people are disconnected from their lands during the process of modernization, they have become impoverished not only in material terms but also in social and cultural aspects. Poverty, which has maintained its significance in the past as well as in the present, is a concept that constantly changes and evolves as it is a common research subject in various fields. In this study, the historical background of poverty from the past to the present is examined, and modern poverty theories are investigated. It is emphasized that poverty is not merely a state of lack of money but encompasses various socio-economic factors. It is concluded that poverty should be understood as not only a situation that occurs when individuals fall below a certain income level, but also when individuals are partially or completely excluded from their social and economic environment, unable to attain sufficient income despite their work, lacking opportunities for self-realization, or lacking the necessary environment to seize those opportunities within the framework of the concept of poverty.

Keywords:

Poverty, Conceptual evolution, Absolute poverty, relative poverty, Human poverty,

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