OECD ülkelerinde İmalat Sanayinde Ar-Ge ve Verimlilik

Bu çalışma OECD ülkeleri için imalat sanayi Ar-Ge harcamalarının imalat sanayi verimliliğine etkisini incelemektedir. Bu çalışmada diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak imalat sanayi verimliliği yerine imalat sanayi katma değerinin toplam katma değer içindeki değeri kullanılmıştır. Temel bağımsız değişken imalat sanayi Ar-Ge harcamasının toplam Ar-Ge harcamaları içindeki payıdır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Ar-Ge ve verimlilik ilişkisini pay artışı temelinde sorgulamaktır. Değişkenlerin yüzde pay olmasından dolayı diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak panel tobit modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca otokorelasyon ve değişen varyans problemleri dinamik jackknife prosedürü ile düzeltilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular “imalat sanayi Ar-Ge harcamalarının toplam içindeki payı” iki katına çıktığında “imalat sanayi katma değerinin toplam içindeki payı”nın %1.8 artacağına işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ar-Ge, katma değer, verimlilik, OECD, tobit

R&D and Productivity in Manufacturing Industry for OECD Countries

This paper investigates the effect of R&D expenditures of the manufacturing industry on the productivity of the manufacturing industry for OECD countries. In this study, different from the previous studies, the share of manufacturing value-added in total value added is utilized instead of productivity of the manufacturing industry. The main independent variable is the share of manufacturing R&D expenditure in total R&D expenditure. The main aim of this study is to question the R&D and productivity relation on the basis of share increase. Due to the percentage nature of the variables, unlike other studies, the panel Tobit model is used. Also, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity problems corrected by applying the dynamic jackknife procedure. The findings indicate that “the value-added share of the manufacturing industry in total” increases by 1.8% if “the share of R&D expenditures of the manufacturing industry in total” is doubled.

Keywords:

R&D, value-added, productivity, OECD, tobit,

PDF

___

Aboal, D. and Garda, P., 2016. Technological and non-technological innovation and productivity in services vis-à-vis manufacturing sectors. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 25(5), 435-454.
Acosta, M., Coronado, D. and Romero, C., 2015. Linking public support, R&D, innovation and productivity: New evidence from the Spanish food industry. Food Policy, 57, 50-61.
Alvarez, R., Bravo-Ortega, C. and Zahler, A., 2015. Innovation and productivity in services: evidence from Chile. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(3), 593-611.
Bartz-Zuccala, W., Mohnen, P. and Schweiger, H., 2018. The Role of Innovation and Management Practices in Determining Firm Productivity. Comparative Economic Studies, 60(4), 502-530.
Baumann, J. and Kritikos, A. S., 2016. The link between R&D, innovation and productivity: Are micro firms different?. Research Policy, 45(6), 1263-1274.
Cameron, A. C. and Trivedi, P. K., 2005. Microeconometrics Methods and Applications, Cambridge University Press.
Crépon, B., Duguet, E. and Mairesse, J., 1998. Research, Innovation and Productivity: An Econometric Analysis At The Firm Level. Economics of Innovation and new Technology, 7(2), 115-158.
De Fuentes, C., Dutrenit, G., Santiago, F. and Gras, N. 2015. Determinants of innovation and productivity in the service sector in Mexico. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(3), 578-592.
Fu, X., Mohnen, P. and Zanello, G., 2018. Innovation and productivity in formal and informal firms in Ghana. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 131, 315-325.
German-Soto, V. and Flores, L. G., 2015. Contribution of education and innovation to productivity among Mexican regions: A dynamic panel data analysis. Theoretical Economics Letters, 5(01), 44.
Greene, W., 2000. Econometric analysis. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Griffith, R., Huergo, E., Mairesse, J. and Peters, B., 2006. Innovation and productivity across four European countries. Oxford review of economic policy, 22(4), 483-498.
Griffith, R., Redding, S. and Van Reenen, J. 2004. Mapping the Two Faces of R&D: Productivity Growth in a Panel of OECD Industries. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 86 (4): 883–895.
Griliches, Z., 1964. Research expenditures, education, and the aggregate agricultural production function. The American Economic Review, 54(6), 961-974.
Guellec, D. and van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B. 2003. R&D and Productivity Growth: Panel Data Analysis of 16 OECD Countries. OECD Economic Studies, vol. 2001/2,
Hall, B. H., Lotti, F. and Mairesse, J., 2009. Innovation and productivity in SMEs: empirical evidence for Italy. Small Business Economics, 33(1), 13-33.
Harhoff, D., 1998. R&D and productivity in German manufacturing firms. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 6(1), 29-50.
Hu, A. G., 2001. Ownership, government R&D, private R&D, and productivity in Chinese industry. Journal of Comparative Economics, 29(1), 136-157.
Kancs, D. A. and Siliverstovs, B., 2016. R&D and non-linear productivity growth. Research policy, 45(3), 634-646.
Liik, M., Masso, J. and Ukrainski, K. 2014. The contribution of R&D to production efficiency in OECD countries: econometric analysis of industry-level panel data, Baltic Journal of Economics, 14:1-2, 78-100.
Lokshin, B., Belderbos, R. and Carree, M., 2008. The productivity effects of internal and external R&D: Evidence from a dynamic panel data model. Oxford bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 70(3), 399-413.
Mairesse, J. et al., 2012. Globalization, innovation and productivity in manufacturing firms: A study of four sectors of China. ERIA discussion paper, 10.
OECD (2021). OECD Structural Analysis Database (STAN). Available from: https://stats.oecd.org/ (Access Date: 5.2.2021)
Tello, M. D., 2017. Innovation and productivity in services and manufacturing firms: the case of Peru. CEPAL Review.
Tsang, E. W., Yip, P. S. and Toh, M. H., 2008. The impact of R&D on value added for domestic and foreign firms in a newly industrialized economy. International Business Review, 17(4), 423-441.
Verspagen, B., 1995. R&D and productivity: A broad cross-section cross-country look. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 6(2), 117-135.
Wooldridge, J. M,. 2002. Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.